Functionally graded square and rectangular plates of different thicknesses placed on the elastic foundation modeled according to the Winkler-Pasternak theory have been studied. The thermal and mechanical characteristics, apart from Poisson’s ratio, are considered to continuously differ through the thickness of the studied material as stated in a power-law distribution. A mathematical model of functionally graded plate which include interaction with elastic foundation is defined. The equilibrium and stability equations are derived using high order shear deformation theory that comprises various kinds of shape function and the von Karman nonlinearity. A new analytically integrable shape function has been introduced. Hamilton’s principle has been applied with the purpose of acquiring the equations of motion. An analytical method for identifying both natural frequencies and critical buckling temperature for cases of linear and nonlinear temperature change through the plate thickness has been established. In order to verify the derived theoretical results on numerical examples, an original program code has been implemented within software MATLAB. Critical buckling temperature and natural frequencies findings are shown below. Previous scientific research and papers confirms that presented both the theoretical formulation and the numerical results are accurate. The comparison has been made between newly established findings based on introduced shape function and the old findings that include 13 different shape functions available in previously published articles. The final part of the research provides analysis and conclusions related to the impact of the power-law index, foundation stiffness, and temperature gradient on critical buckling temperature and natural frequencies of the functionally graded plates.

Large quantities of material are obtained for waste disposal in industrial production of basic iron. It is a long habit of waste management after industrial production of base iron without previous processing or selection. On the places of waste disposal, the contamination of soil and/or water is evident, and it resulted in permanent land degradation and frequent formation of artificial landslides. These facts gave birth to the idea to investigate the possibility of using industrial by-products of iron manufacturing for construction purposes, i.e. concrete aggregate. In order to determine the possibility of blast furnace slag as concrete aggregate, it was necessary to examine physical and chemical properties of slag, and thereafter to prepare concrete samples. The use of slag from ''Željezara' Works (Arcelor Mital, Zenica) was experimentally proved as possible concrete aggregate, which could lead to reduction of this waste material, while preserving natural aggregate that was often used in production of concrete. By using slag in concrete production, environmental pollution will be reduced, and on the other hand, nature will remain 'untouched', since smaller quantities of natural aggregate will be used.

The use of solar panels in road pavements represents an innovative approach to integrating renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy, into everyday infrastructure. This paper explores the key aspects of this technology, including its advantages, disadvantages, and potential for future development. The benefits include improving energy efficiency and reducing dependence on fossil fuels, as well as the ability to generate electricity directly at the point of use, which can contribute to lowering energy costs. Solar panels in road pavements can also help reduce air pollution and improve environmental standards in urban areas. The disadvantages involve challenges such as high installation and maintenance costs, the need for regular cleaning of the panels due to dirt and debris accumulation, and limited efficiency under poor weather conditions or at night. Additionally, there is a need for infrastructure adaptation and possible aesthetic or structural obstacles in implementation. The future of applying solar panels in road pavements looks promising, with opportunities for technology advancement, cost reduction, and increased energy efficiency. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current application of solar panels in road pavements, highlights existing challenges, and offers recommendations for future research and development in this exciting field of renewable energy technology.

In this paper is developed a complex model for the evaluation and selection of the optimum spatial solutions of the corridor line infrastructural facility, which is characterized by multiactor and multicriteria approach. The model is based on the multiactor multicriteria analysis methodology (MAMCO - The Multi Actor Multi Criteria Analysis Methodology) where the relevant decision-making actors, verified by stakeholder analysis (The Stakeholdes analysis), based on the criteria of evaluation that are sorted in the proper hierarchy and whose relevance is confirmed by the factor analysis (the Factor analysis) using the evaluation and ranking of alternatives of the AHP method (the Analityc Hierarchy Process), which was selected by intelligent access with the help of decision tree (decision Tree), offered from a set of alternatives to choose the optimum solution, and the accuracy of their selection check by sensitivity analysis (sensitivity analisys).

When designing roads over valleys and ravines, we are often in a dilemma about what to build, high embankments or viaducts. Ensuring economy, traffic safety, embankment and viaduct safety, comfort, environmental protection as well as shorter construction time are the basic parameters on the basis of which the decision on the construction of high embankments or viaducts is made. The subject of research in this paper is to find the best (optimal) solution when making a decision on what to design, a high embankment or viaduct. The criteria for designing high embankments or viaducts were analysed and their optimization was carried out. The results of design optimization are presented taking into account the criteria for determining the optimal solution (functionality, durability, economy, aesthetics, ecology and construction time). The results of the research are presented analytically and graphically.

Road infrastructure construction is an energy- and emission-intensive activity; however, process-level quantification of fuel use and associated pollutants across material production, transportation, and construction machinery operation remains insufficiently systematic to guide targeted optimization measures. This paper analyzes energy consumption and pollutant emissions during the construction phase of road infrastructure, with particular emphasis on asphalt mixture production (MJ), material transportation, and construction machinery operation. The analysis was conducted using a process-oriented approach and standardized calculation models to estimate fuel consumption and emissions of CO2, NOx, and particulate matter. The results indicate that asphalt MJ accounts for approximately 60–70% of total energy consumption, while transportation and construction machinery together contribute about 25–35%. The implementation of energy optimization measures enables a 10–15% reduction in total energy consumption, accompanied by proportional reductions in pollutant emissions. The findings confirm that targeting the most energy-intensive construction processes represents a key step toward improving the sustainability of road construction projects.