Our work demonstrated a dynamic yet stable microbial ecosystem during cheese production using an endogenous starter culture. This was observed across several distinct producers and was marked by genomic evidence of continued phage-bacterium interactions, such as the presence of bacterial defense mechanisms.

Podcasts - online distributed audio files - are easy access and production media, which can be used for Scientific Communication (SC) but few are presented in Portuguese. The objective of this work is to perform a case study with data from a survey for two Brazilian SC podcasts (Dragões de Garagem and Fronteiras da Ciência) to evaluate the increase of science podcast media in Brazil, the involved potential, their advantages, shortcomings, and perspectives. We noted an increase of listeners over the years, probably due to the internet popularization and the massive increase of mobile phones. Scientific content is underexplored, despite the great interest of the public. Humorous and informal podcasts are the most appealing to the public and they usually listen to them on informal educational sites. The majority of the public is from the South and Southeast regions, they are young male adults with undergraduate or graduate degrees. SC podcasts, despite their potential to communicate science, still have shortcomings to overcome. Nevertheless, independent initiatives can solve this difficulty, making possible for the media to reach a varied audience, affecting different groups that would not have interest in a specific content before, or even the access itself to the scientific knowledge.

During the period called “transition”, from the ceasing of milk production to the reestablishment of full milk production, it is postulated that the microbiota of cows undergo changes in composition driven by the fluxes in systemic energetics and that these changes appear to impact the health of cows. The primary objective of this study was to document the make-up of the microbiota in the mammary gland compared with those in the vagina and in feces in an attempt to determine any correlations between the composition of the microbiota, the impact of blood indicators of energetic metabolites and the health of the mammary gland at the time of calving. Samples were collected from 20 Holstein dairy cows immediately following calving to assess their general health and measure the microbiomes associated with each cow using 16S rRNA sequencing. The results indicated that the microbiomes found within each maternal niche were different. A set of significant negative associations between the blood energetic biomarkers (NEFAs, BHB, triglycerides and cholesterol) and the taxa Pseudomonas, Christensenellaceae and Methanobrevibacter were observed in this study. In contrast, Escherichia and Romboutsia were positively correlated with the same energetic metabolites. Therefore, it was concluded that there appears to be a set of relationships between the microorganisms that colonize several niches of cows and the sufficiency of systemic energy metabolism. Furthermore, both the microbiome and energy dynamics impact the health of the mammary gland of the host.

The present work, based on material from northern, central-western, and northeastern Brazil, con-tributes to the knowledge of the two-winged Cloeodes Traver (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in South America. Two new species, C. maracatu, sp. nov. and C. spaceki, sp. nov., are described, the former based on nymphs and reared adults and the latter only on nymphs; the male and fe-male imago of C. auwe and the female imago of C. redactus are described. Based on these findings, an updated key for South American nymphs and male adults of the two-winged Cloe-odes is provided.