The purpose of the study was to examine the prevalence of Escherichia coli in shrimps and mussels, and to determine the distribution of β-lactam, aminoglycoside, quinolone, and multi-drug resistance phenotypically and genotypically in E. coli isolates obtained from mussels and shrimps in Istanbul. Faecal samples were collected from mussels (n = 96) and shrimps (n = 96) from the Marmara Sea coastline and fish markets in Istanbul. For the detection of antibiotic susceptibilities, seven antibiotic groups were used. β-lactamase, aminoglycoside, and quinolone genes were also determined. A total of 34 (17.7%, 15 shrimps, and 19 mussels) E. coli were isolated, and 17 (50%) were found to be resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The highest resistance was seen against aminoglycosides with 11 isolates (32.35%), followed by quinolones with 10 isolates (29.41%) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) with 4 isolates (11.76%). Multi-drug resistance was detected in 5 isolates (14.7%) from 3 shrimp and 2 mussel samples. The prevalence of ESBL genes was demonstrated at 3.84% in mussels and shrimp samples. There were no AmpC and carbapenemase-producing genes. These samples harbored bla_CTX-M-1 (n = 3) and bla_TEM (n = 4). Ten isolates were resistant to aminoglycosides genotypically. Resistance genes detected were strB in 2 isolates, aadA in 5, strB and aadA together in 3, ANT('')-Ia, aphA1 and aphA2 simultaneously in 3, aphA1 in 1, aac(3)-IIa in 1 isolate. aac(6')-Ib-cr gene was detected in only one of 10 phenotypically resistant isolates to quinolones.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and phenotypically carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), acquired-AmpC beta-lactamase, and multiple antibiotic resistance of the isolates in the faeces of budgerigars and parrots. A total of 96 faecal samples belonging to 54 budgerigars and 42 parrots were used in the study. Cultivation was performed on various media for the identification of Klebsiella pneuomiae from the collected stool samples. Biochemical properties of the suspect isolates were determined using conventional methods. Besides, antibiotic susceptibility tests and ESBL, carbapenem, acquired AmpC screening and confirmation tests were applied to the identified isolates to phenotypically determine beta-lactam resistance. Beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulphonamide groups were used to determine the multidrug resistance. Isolates with resistance to 3 or more of the antibiotic and Sulphonamide groups were accepted as multidrug-resistant isolates. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated from 2 (3.7%) of 54 budgerigars, and 1 (2.3%) of 42 parrot faecal samples from 3 (3.1%) of 96 faecal samples in total. No phenotypic resistance was detected in any of the isolates as a result of screening and confirming tests for ESBL, carbapenem, and acquired-AmpC resistance to determine phenotypic antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Multidrug resistance was detected in only one isolate. The presence of multi-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in cage birds that have close relationships with humans has been revealed.

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the presence of Pasteurella multocida in the swab samples taken from the oral cavity of cats, and to determine the capsular type and antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates. For this purpose, swab samples taken from 300 cats were inoculated onto Knight's selective enriched medium and blood agar for isolation of P. multocida. Followingafter capsular typing of the isolates by PCR, the susceptibilities of the isolates to ceftiofur, clindamycin, erythromycin, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin+clavulanic acid, trimethoprim/ sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were examined by the disk diffusion method. The relationships between oral colonization and various physiological and behavioral variables were evaluated, statistically. P. multocida was isolated from 48 (16%) of the samples and all strains were typed as capsular type A. While all of the isolates were resistant to clindamycin and susceptible to enrofloxacin, 8,33% tetracycline resistance was also remarkable. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MDR) was detected in 27% of the isolates. The colonization of P. multocida was found to be statistically significant in cats under the age of 1 and in cats living outdoors. The importance of antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria with a zoonotic character such as P. multocida should not be ignored since it poses a threat to public health. It was concluded that, in this study determination of tetracycline resistance, which has started to be reported in feline Pasterurella multocida isolates in recent years, and detection of multiple antibiotic resistance in 27% of isolates, was extremely important for public health.

The issue of nosocomial infections, or healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), remains a significant concern in healthcare settings worldwide. In recent times, there has been growing attention towards medical devices, notably stethoscopes, as potential vectors for pathogen transmission. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococcal contamination on stethoscopes used by students and staff at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Veterinary Medicine’s animal hospital. Furthermore, it gathered information about stethoscope usage habits, cleaning practices, handwashing routines, participants' knowledge about nosocomial infections, and their interest in learning more about these infections and stethoscope hygiene. The analysis of 50 stethoscope samples revealed that 27 (54%) were contaminated with one or more Staphylococci. The isolated 30 Staphylococcus spp. included Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=17; 56.7%), Staphylococcus hominis (n=10; 33.3%), Staphylococcus pasteuri (n=1; 3.3%), Staphylococcus capitis (n=1; 3.3%), and Staphylococcus schleiferi (n=1; 3.3%). Notably, the absence of the highly pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus in all samples provides some reassurance. However, the presence of various Staphylococcus spp. raises concerns due to their pathogenic potential. These findings align with previous research on stethoscope contamination, emphasizing the persistent problem of bacterial colonization on these crucial medical devices. Despite variations in bacterial prevalence among studies, Staphylococcus spp. consistently emerge as common contaminants, emphasizing the need for comprehensive stethoscope hygiene protocols in veterinary healthcare settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the vector potential of stethoscopes in a veterinary setting within Turkey. The study suggests the necessity for further research, taking a proactive approach to tackle the challenges of nosocomial infections. This would enable the development of strategies to ensure a safer healthcare environment for patients and healthcare providers.