Canine brucellosis is an under-recognized zoonotic disease with important reproductive and public health implications. This study investigated molecular and serological evidence of Brucella infection in owned domestic dogs presented to veterinary clinics and referral facilities in Delhi, Bareilly (Uttar Pradesh), and Mannuthy (Kerala), and evaluated the performance of commonly used diagnostic tests. A total of 448 sampling units were included. Overall, 382 blood-derived DNA samples were screened by genus-specific PCR targeting the bcsp31 gene, 356 serum samples were tested by ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), and 22 vaginal swab-derived samples were screened by PCR. PCR detected Brucella DNA in 40/382 (10.47%) blood-derived samples, with all positive samples originating from Delhi (40/174; 22.99%), and in 1/22 (4.50%) vaginal swab-derived samples. ELISA detected antibodies in 34/356 (9.55%) samples, while AGID detected 13/356 (3.65%). Overall, 43/356 (12.08%) samples were positive by at least one serological test. Agreement between ELISA and AGID was 89.04%, with Cohen’s κ = 0.12; when ELISA was used as the comparator, AGID showed a relative sensitivity of 11.76% and relative specificity of 97.20%. Bayesian latent-class analysis estimated the model-derived latent Brucella-positive infection-related state at 17.84% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 11.99–25.13%). This estimate represents an underlying infection-related state inferred from the joint diagnostic-test results and should not be interpreted as confirmed active infection or clinical disease. Positivity was significantly higher among dogs older than two years (p < 0.05), while no significant association was observed with sex. Overall, the findings provide molecular and serological evidence of Brucella in the sampled owned domestic dogs and highlight the complementary information provided by molecular and serological testing. Further species-level characterization and structured surveillance are warranted to better define the epidemiology and public-health significance of Brucella infection detected in dogs in India.

Background/Objectives: Fluoroquinolones are classified by the World Health Organization as highest-priority critically important antimicrobials, and their use in food-producing animals is a One Health concern. We aimed to map the published literature on fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals and to extract the dosing regimens and reports of resistance it contains. Methods: We screened 77,583 Scopus records (1981–2021) and applied natural language processing, combining named-entity recognition with rule-based pattern matching, to 14,417 abstracts on cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep, and goats. Extraction was validated against a blinded manual annotation of 205 records, and temporal trends and between-species differences were assessed with Mann–Kendall and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Extraction achieved an overall precision of 0.80, recall of 0.70, and F1-score of 0.75. Annual publications increased steadily (Mann–Kendall τ = 0.98, p < 0.001), led by authors affiliated with institutions in the United States, China, and India. Across 531 doses from 370 records, the median reported dose was 10 mg/kg in poultry and 5 mg/kg in cattle, pigs, sheep, and goats (p < 0.001); 67% of doses came from pharmacokinetic or residue studies. The proportion of records reporting fluoroquinolone resistance rose from 13% in the 1990s to about 20% after 2000 and has since remained stable, most often for ciprofloxacin with Escherichia coli, Campylobacter, and Salmonella. Conclusions: Natural language processing can map dosing and resistance information in the veterinary literature at scale. These outputs describe research activity and reported regimens, not fluoroquinolone consumption or resistance prevalence, and are best interpreted alongside national sales and surveillance data.