Dyslipidemia is a significant, modifiable contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), exhibiting significant global prevalence and imposing a particularly high burden in Europe and around the world. Although statins are widely prescribed, a considerable proportion of patients do not achieve lipid targets or experience intolerance, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies. This narrative review examines emerging therapeutic approaches that extend beyond conventional lipid-lowering agents(Cannon, 2022). The paper was prepared based on a review of the literature, with primary emphasis on studies published within the past five years and focused on providing a more detailed presentation of the following therapeutic approaches. Bempedoic acid, an oral ATP-citrate lyase inhibitor, achieves effective LDL-C reduction with a favourable safety profile, particularly among statin-intolerant patients, and is associated with improved cardiovascular outcomes. Inhibition of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (ANGPTL3) offers a receptor-independent mechanism that results in substantial reductions in LDL-C and triglycerides, particularly in refractory conditions such as homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. RNA-based therapies, including small interfering RNA (siRNA), provide highly specific and durable gene silencing, as demonstrated by inclisiran and other emerging agents targeting APOC3, ANGPTL3, and lipoprotein(a); infrequent dosing regimens may further enhance adherence. Gene therapy and genome editing technologies, including CRISPR-based methods, represent a transformative paradigm with the potential to achieve long-term or permanent correction of dyslipidemia. Collectively, these innovations expand therapeutic options, address residual cardiovascular risk, and advance lipid management toward precision and potentially curative strategies.

Aim: This narrative review evaluates the current evidence on the impact of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), including MR-guided (MRgFUS) and ultrasound-guided (USgHIFU) techniques, on ovarian reserve in women treated for adenomyosis, with particular emphasis on anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level. Methods: narrative review included evidence from prospective and retrospective studies, randomized trials, and original research in patients with adenomyosis, identified through searches of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: available studies consistently demonstrate that this treatment does not result in significant changes in AMH concentrations, irrespective of the method used, suggesting preservation of ovarian reserve. Conclusion: In contrast to more invasive treatment options, such as uterine artery embolization or hysterectomy, HIFU acts locally, minimizing the risk of damage to ovarian tissue and vascular supply. This enables the preservation of fertility, which is particularly important for women desiring future childbearing. However, the available evidence is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous study populations, and short follow-up periods. Further large-scale, prospective studies with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm the sustained safety of HIFU and its impact on reproductive outcomes.

Background: Beta-lactam antibiotic allergy is one of the most frequently reported drug hypersensitivities. True allergy is rarely confirmed. Inaccurate labeling leads to unnecessary avoidance of beta-lactams, antimicrobial resistance, and increased healthcare costs. Delabeling is mainly evaluated using electronic databases, whereas patient perceptions, quality of life, and real-world barriers remain uncertain. Methods: This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study included 96 adults with a reported history of beta-lactam hypersensitivity: 46 after successful specialist delabeling and 50 before specialist evaluation. Structured telephone interviews assessed diagnostic pathways, perceived correctness of diagnosis or exclusion, confidence in beta-lactam safety, antibiotic use, and symptom recurrence. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Results: Perceived safety of beta-lactam antibiotics was significantly higher in the delabeled group than in the non-delabeled group (7.37 vs. 2.40; p < 0.001). WHOQOL-BREF scores were similar between groups, except for a small difference in the Environment domain, favoring delabeled (p = 0.029) patients. Among delabeled patients, 57% required antibiotics during follow-up; of these, 65% received beta-lactams. In 35% of cases with an indication, physicians withheld beta-lactams despite documented delabeling. Self-reported mild cutaneous symptoms occurred in 18% of patients re-exposed to beta-lactam antibiotics despite delabeling; the significance of this finding needs to be assessed in the future. Conclusions: Patients who underwent beta-lactam allergy delabeling reported greater perceived safety regarding the use of beta-lactam antibiotics, while no significant differences in quality of life were observed. Persistent reluctance among patients and physicians may, however, limit the real-world benefits of delabeling.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with the highest mortality rate among mental illnesses. Up to 20% of patients develop Severe and Enduring Anorexia Nervosa (SE-AN), a life-threatening condition resistant to conventional psychotherapy and nutritional rehabilitation. In the absence of effective pharmacotherapy, Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a potential neurosurgical intervention targeting dysfunctional circuits involved in cognitive control, reward processing, and emotion regulation. Objectives: This review evaluates the current application of DBS in treatment-refractory AN, focusing on neuroanatomical targets, clinical efficacy, safety, and methodological, technological, and ethical challenges. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Embase, and Google Scholar. Studies published between 2022 and 2026 were considered, with reference lists manually screened for additional relevant evidence. Results: DBS may improve BMI, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in patients with SE-AN. Although the subcallosal cingulate cortex (SCC) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) remain the principal targets, recent approaches increasingly emphasize phenotype-driven and connectome-guided neuromodulation. Emerging closed-loop, AI-assisted, and wireless technologies may further improve stimulation precision and reduce hardware-related complications. Conclusions: DBS represents a promising harm-reduction approach for treatment-refractory SE-AN. However, limited evidence, surgical risks, and ethical concerns regarding informed consent in severely malnourished patients warrant its use only as a last-resort intervention. Robust randomized multicenter trials are needed to establish its long-term safety and target-specific efficacy.