In terms of safe food and a healthy food supply, beans (Phaseolus spp.) are a significant source of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals especially for poor populations throughout the world. They are also rich in unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and oleic acids. From the past to the present, a large number of breeding studies to increase bean yield, especially the common bean (P. vulgaris L.), have resulted in the registration of many modern varieties, although quality and flavor traits in the modern varieties have been mostly ignored. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to compare protein, fat, fatty acid, and some mineral content such as selenium (Se), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) of landraces to modern varieties. The landrace LR05 had higher mineral contents, particularly Se and Zn, and protein than the modern varieties. The landrace LR11 had the highest linoleic acid. The landraces are grown by farmers in small holdings for dual uses, such as both dry seed and snap bean production, and are commercialized with a higher cash price. The landraces of the common bean are, not only treasures that need to be guarded for the future, but also important genetic resources that can be used in bean breeding programs. The results of this study suggest that landraces are essential sources of important nutritional components for food security and a healthy food supply.

Heat-related traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) play a crucial role in reducing the harmful effect of heat stress, as the increase in heat stress is predicted to occur in the coming years due to global warming as a result of climate change. The advantage of multiple pods per peduncle and compound (imparipinnate) leaf traits in kabuli chickpea has not been properly revealed under heat stress conditions. We, therefore, want (i) to provide insight into the advantage of multiple pods and compound leaf traits over single pod per node and simple (unifoliolate) leaf traits, and (ii) to determine the highest direct and indirect effects of agro-morphological traits on seed yield in chickpeas under rainfed conditions with prevailing heat stress. With a delayed sowing time, the plants were subjected to heat stress of more than 43 °C in flowering and pod setting stages under field conditions. According to the number of pods per node and leaf shape, plants were evaluated for yield and yield components, and were divided into six groups, namely (i) single-pod and compound leaf, (ii) single-pod and simple leaf, (iii) double-pods and compound leaf, (iv) double-pods and simple leaf, (v) multi-pods and compound leaf, and (vi) multi-pods and simple leaf. Plants with multi-pods and compound leaf traits had the highest seed yield, followed by plants with double-pods and compound leaf, while plants with single-pod and simple leaf had the lowest yield. The number of seeds and pods per plant, 100-seed weight, and leaf shape were the highest determinants of seed yield under heat stress conditions. It was concluded that multi-pods per peduncle and compound leaf traits had an obviously incontrovertible advantage in kabuli chickpeas under heat stress conditions. The plant shapes that nature has evolved for millions of years, which are mostly found in wild plants, have been proven by the current study to have a better fitness ability than plants shaped by human hands.

One of the important edible legumes, the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) contains high protein levels and amino acids in its seeds essential for human nutrition and animal feeding; it also consists of anti-nutritional factors such as vicine, convicine, and tannin. For a balanced and healthy diet, faba bean cultivars should be improved for high seed yield, essential amino acids, and low anti-nutritional factors. The aims of this study were to select faba bean genotypes for (i) high yield, (ii) low anti-nutritional factors, and (iii) essential amino acids. A total of 12 faba bean genotypes, including 10 genotypes with low tannin content and 2 local checks, were assessed for phenological, morphological, and agronomical traits, as well as some biochemical characteristics including essential amino acids and low anti-nutritional factors. A local population, Atlidere, and a breeding line with low tannin content, FLIP08-016FB, had the highest yield. FLIP08-016FB had not only the highest lysine, methionine, and cysteine content, but also the highest yield and low anti-nutritional factors. FLIP08-016FB was selected for a balanced and healthy diet as it had a high seed yield, essential amino acids, and low anti-nutritional factors.

En tr Verim ve verim öğeleri dünya çapında baklagil ıslah programının temel hedeflerinden birisidir. Kuru fasulye ıslah programında genetik çeşitliliğin etkin kullanımı ve arzu edilen tiplerin seçimi için bu özelliklere ait bilgilere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Uzun yıllardır yetiştirilen yerel kuru fasulye popülasyonları, düşük girdili yetiştirme koşullarına genetik ve morfolojik özellikleri sayesinde daha dayanıklı ve yetiştiriciler tarafından kalitesi daha kabul edilebilir düzeydedir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye’nin Batı Anadolu Bölgesi’ndeki farklı fasulye yetiştirme alanlarından 83 yerel kuru fasulye popülasyonu 2015-2016 yıllarında toplanmış ve 2016 yılı yetiştirme sezonunda Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi deneme alanında yetiştirilmiştir. Tartılı derecelendirme ve morfolojik karakterizasyon sonuçlarına göre her bir fasulye popülasyonundan tek bitki seçilmiş ve 20 kuru fasulye hattı (8 sarılıcı ve 12 bodur) ümitvar kabul edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 12 yerel kuru fasulye hattı ile 2 ticari çeşit verim ve verim öğeleri bakımından Türkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi Bolu ekolojik koşullarında karşılaştırılmıştır. Araştırma, Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi deneme alanında 2017 yılında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Çimlenme oranı (%69.50-96.00), %50 çiçeklenme gün sayısı (48.00-52.00 gün), olgunlaşma süresi (86.00-107.33 gün), bitki boyu (37.20-58.30 cm), ilk bakla yüksekliği (12.50-19.00 cm), bitkide dal sayısı (6.25-8.25 adet), bitkide bakla sayısı (16.96-41.50 bakla), baklada tane sayısı (4.00-6.40 tane), bitki başına tohum verimi (25.41-96.83 g bitki^-1) ve 100 tane ağırlığı (29.82-55.35 g) IPGRI ve EU-CPVO kriterlerine göre belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, verim ve verim öğeleri bakımından ÇNK-2, ÇNK-4, YLV-28, YLV-32 ve BLCK-7 üstün ümitvar hatlar olarak seçilmiş ve bu hatların çeşit tescil için bölge verim denemelerine aktarılmasına karar verilmiştir. Yield and yield components is one of the key objectives of the legume breeding program worldwide. Information on these traits is required for the selection of desirable types and efficient utilization of the genetic diversity in dry bean improvement program. Local landraces of dry beans grown over long time period are more resistant to low input growing conditions its genetic and morphologic properties and quality is more acceptable by the growers. From this perspective, 83 dry bean landraces were collected from different bean growing areas of Western Anatolia Region of Turkey in 2015-2016. The dry bean landraces were grown on the experimental farm of Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu during 2016 growing season. A single plant from each dry bean landrace was selected according to morphological characterization results and weighted scaling method, and twenty (8 climber and 12 bush types) dry bean lines were accepted as promising. In the present study, yield and yield components of 12 dry bean lines and 2 commercial cultivars were compared in Bolu province under western black sea ecological condition of Turkey. The experiment was arranged in a Randomized Block Design with three replicates in 2017 growing season on the experimental farm of Abant Izzet Baysal University. Emergence percentage (69.50-96.00%), days to flowering 50% (48.00-52.00 days), days to maturity (86.00-107.33 days), plant height (37.20-58.30 cm), height to first pod (12.50-19.00 cm), number of branches per plant (6.25-8.25), number of pods per plant (16.96-41.50 pods), seeds per pod (4.00-6.40 seeds), seed yield per plant (25.41-96.83 g plant^-1) and 100 seeds weight (29.82-55.35 g) were determined according to IPGRI and EU-CPVO criteria. As a result, lines ÇNK-2, ÇNK-4, YLV-28, YLV-32 and BLCK-7 had superior with respect to yield and yield components and hence selected advanced promising lines will be transferred to regional yield trials required for the official procedures of cultivar registration.

Bu çalışmada, Batı Anadolu Bölgesi'nde 10 ilde üretilen 156 önemli yerel fasulye ekotipi 2015 yılında toplanmış ve ekotipler arasındaki biyolojik çeşitliliği araştırmak ve karakterize etmek için 2016 yılında Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi'nde tarla denemesi yürütülmüştür. İncelenen karakterler açısından en belirgin değişim kuru sap ve tane veriminde kaydedilirken bunu bitkide bakla sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, bitki boyu ve yüz tane ağırlığı takip etmiştir. En yüksek bitki başına tane verimi MGL-30 (145.6 g), MGL-38 (101.7 g), ANT-43 (87.8 g) ve MGL-26 (81.9 g) genotiplerinden elde edilmiştir. Temel bileşen analizinde, 17 bileşen yerel fasulye genetik kaynaklarındaki varyasyonun %74.9’unu izah etmiştir. Bakla rengi, bitki tipi ve sarılma özelliği en fazla katkı sağlayan özellikler olmuştur. Bitki boyu ve olgunlaşma gün sayısı, biplot analizinde tane verimi ile aynı yönde ve en dar açıya sahip vektörler olmuştur. Morfolojik özellikler kullanılarak üretilen benzerlik dendogramı genotipleri iki ana gruba (A ve B) ve dört alt gruba (A1, A2, B1 ve B2 ) ayrılmıştır. Morfolojik özellikler açısından en uzak gruplarda yer alan MGL-01, KTH-01, MNS-01 ve ANT-13 ile UŞK-01, ANT-01, MGL-05 ve AYD-02 ekotipleri kullanılarak melezleme ıslahı ile yeni çeşitler geliştirilebilir.