ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ В СИБИРСКОМ И ДАЛЬНЕВОСТОЧНОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫХ ОКРУГАХ

Background. When planning preventive measures and providing specialized care, it is important to take into account the epidemiology of malignant neoplasms.Objective: to analyze the incidence of cervical cancer in 10 territories of the Siberian Federal District.Materials and methods. Based on the data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the incidence of cervical cancer and the quality of cancer care were analyzed in 10 cancer centers for the years 2005–2019. Results. During the study period, an increase in the incidence of cervical cancer was observed in the Siberian Federal District. The maximum increase in the incidence rate was observed in most territories of the Tyva Republic (102.3 %). The decrease in the incidence rate was recorded in the Altai Republic (–15.4 %) and Tomsk Oblast (–14.3 %). The age-specific incidence rates were stable in patients aged 65 years and older, and a 1.4-fold increase was observed in women of the reproductive age (20–44 years). The highest incidence rates were observed in the age groups 35–39 years (37.8 %) and 40–44 years (42.0 %). The improvement in the rates of quality of cancer care indicated the high proportion of morphologically verified cancers, early cancer detection and high proportion of patients who were followed up for 5 years or more. The rates of late-stage cervical cancer and one-year mortality remain high.Conclusions. From 2004 to 2019, an increase in the incidence of cervical cancer was observed in the female population of the Siberian Federal District. The highest risk of cervical cancer was observed in women of the reproductive age (20–44 years). It is necessary to develop and organize anti-cancer measures to improve cancer care

The purpose of the study was to analyze cancer incidence in Siberia and the Russian Far East in 2010–2021. Materials and methods. We used data from population-based cancer registries in 21 administrative territories of Siberia and the Russian Far East for 2010–2021. The calculations were carried out using the direct standardization method. Results. In 2021, the most common cancer sites in males were: lung (18.7%), prostate (14.1%) and colorectum (11.1%); in females: breast (21.0%), skin (12.6%) and colorectum (11.3%). From 2010 to 2019, the overall cancer incidence rate increased by 26.7%. Age-standardized incidence rates in males increased from 301.2 to 332.10/0000. For females, age-standardized incidence rates increased from 220.8 to 256.10/0000. In 2020, cancer incidence rates decreased, the overall decline was 12.9%. Age-standardized cancer incidence rates in males and females were 288.5 and 223.2 per 100 000 population, respectively. In 2021, the corresponding rates for males and females were 288.2 and 235.80/0000, respectively. Limitations. To assess the prevalence of oncological diseases in the territories of Siberia and the Russian Far East 1 233 759 new cases of malignant neoplasms were analyzed over 12 years, which is a sufficient reference sample. Conclusion. In Siberia and the Russian Far East, cancer incidence rates in 2020 were lower than in 2019 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which led to the reduction in the number of cases diagnosed and referred for the first-line treatment. In 2021, an increase in the age-standardized cancer incidence rate was observed, with the age at diagnosis tended to be younger. In 2010, 80–84 years men and 75–79 years women exhibited the highest incidence rates (2536.5 and 1246.80/0000, respectively). In 2021, the highest cancer incidence rates for males and females were observed in the 70 to 74 years group (2717.1 and 1402.60/0000, respectively).

Background. The age-standardized cervical cancer incidence rate in the Tomsk region in 2021 was consistently higher than the average for the Russian Federation (21.2 / 100,000 versus 13.6 / 100,000 women). Primary prevention of cervical cancer is best achieved by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls. Aim. To evaluate HPV vaccine efficacy for the prevention of cervical cancer in the Tomsk region within the framework of implementation of two regional programs: “Prevention of gynecological cancer and rehabilitation of women diagnosed with gynecological cancer in 2008–2010” and “Urgent measures to improve cancer care for the population of the Tomsk region in 2011–2013”. Material and methods. We studied the tolerability and efficacy of HPV vaccination for the prevention of HPV-associated cervical cancer in 439 vaccinated girls aged 9–26 years during a follow-up time of 14-years. Results. The assessment of a 14-year follow-up study of the impact of HPV vaccination on HPV-associated cervical lesions has shown that HPV vaccine is safe and 100 % effective. Conclusion. Further prospects for primary prevention of cervical cancer before the introduction of vaccines against HPV infection in the national immunization schedule indicates the feasibility and real clinical effectiveness of the introduction of regional and regional programs with the development of a mathematical model for optimizing financial costs for primary prevention of cervical cancer, taking into account demographic parameters and socio-economic damage from cervical cancer in the study area.

ВЫЖИВАЕМОСТЬ БОЛЬНЫХ РАКОМ ЛЕГКОГО НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (2004–2013 гг.)

Background. Disability-adjusted life year (DALY) is one of the well-known methods of comprehensive health assessment in the world. The method was developed by the World Bank and the World Health Organization. The DALY units and gross domestic product per capita are used for the assessment of the indirect economic damage from premature death of cancer. Aim. To estimate the number of years of life lost (DALY method) and economic losses due to death from cervical, uterine and ovarian cancers in the population of the Tomsk region. Materials and methods. The data of the Tomsk Region Federal State Statistics Service on the mortality of the population of the reporting form C51 Distribution of the dead by sex, age groups and causes of death, data on the sex and age distribution of the population, life expectancy, gross regional product per capita for 2018 of the Tomsk region were used. Results. In 2018, due to the death from gynecological cancer of the population of the Tomsk Region, 1616 DALY units were lost in absolute numbers. Of these, cervical cancer accounts for 44.3% (717 DALY units), uterine corpus cancer accounts for 24.8% (401 DALY units), ovarian cancer accounts for 30.8% (498 DALY units). At working age (1654 years), the absolute losses amounted to 694 DALYs. The economic damage to the Tomsk Region due to the mortality of the population from cancer of the cervix, uterine body and ovaries in 2018 amounted to 918.2 million rubles. Economic losses as a result of mortality from cancer of the cervix amounted to 407.4 million rubles, from cancer of the ovaries 283.0 million rubles, from cancer of the body of the uterus 227.8 million rubles. The economic damage from gynecological cancers in working age amounted to 394.3 million (42.9% of the total economic damage). Conclusion. Determining the socio-economic losses associated with mortality from malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs is necessary for the effective use of health care resources, which can be used to justify the need of the population for oncological care.