Background: Elevated interstitial fluid pressure within tumors, resulting from impaired lymphatic drainage, constitutes a critical barrier to effective drug penetration and therapeutic outcomes. Results: In this study, based on the photosynthetic characteristics of algae, an active drug carrier (CP@ICG) derived from Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) was designed and constructed. Leveraging the hypoxia tropism and phototropism exhibited by CP, we achieved targeted transport of the carrier to tumor sites. Additionally, dual near-infrared (NIR) irradiation at the tumor site facilitated photosynthesis in CP, enabling the breakdown of excessive intratumoral interstitial fluid by generating oxygen from water decomposition. This process effectively reduced the interstitial pressure, thereby promoting enhanced perfusion of blood into the tumor, significantly improving deep-seated penetration of chemotherapeutic agents, and alleviating tumor hypoxia. Conclusions: CP@ICG demonstrated a combined effect of photothermal/photodynamic/starvation therapy, exhibiting excellent in vitro/in vivo anti-tumor efficacy and favorable biocompatibility. This work provides a scientific foundation for the application of microbial-enhanced intratumoral drug delivery and tumor therapy. Graphical

The thermal instability of metallic glasses hinders their application and thermoplastic processing, and, at present, how to improve the thermal stability is a scientific topic worthy of further study. This paper, through the studies of a [(La0.7Ce0.3)65Al10Co25]100−xGax model system, reveals three correlations between β relaxation of metallic glasses and their thermal stability, stating that (1) the ratio of the β relaxation intensity to the α relaxation intensity, E″β/E″α, is positively correlated with the glass transition temperature, Tg; (2) at a fixed frequency, the ratio of the β relaxation temperature to the α relaxation temperature, Tβ/Tα, is positively correlated with the supercooled liquid region width, ∆Tx = Tx − Tg; (3) ∆Tx is negatively correlated with the β relaxation activation energy, Eβ. These identified relationships between β relaxation and the thermal instability of metallic glasses deepen the understanding of factors influencing the glass stability and offer a viable strategy to enhance the thermal stability of metallic glasses by regulating the β relaxation process.

Increasing evidences show the significance of low melting entropy in glass formation of substances. Our previous studies have uncovered the strong dependence between melting entropy in the eutectic mixtures and mixing enthalpy, which has been serving as an important reference for glass formation, showing that negative mixing enthalpy largely reduces the melting entropy. In this paper, we focused on the question as to how melting entropy is associated with another classical glass formation criterion of molecule/atom size difference of components. This question has been challenging since it is constantly entangled with the effect of mixing enthalpy and easily smeared. Here, four binary eutectics constituted by molecules with similar structural and chemical characteristics but quite different molecular size were elaborately selected. The extremely low mixing enthalpy measured in four eutectic systems using a C80 microcalorimeter guarantees the neglectable effect of the mixing enthalpy. The determination of melting entropies and the critical cooling rate for glass formation at the eutectic compositions for the four systems uncovers an evident relation between melting entropy and molecular size difference, confirming the compatibility of the two glass formation criteria for mixing systems.