A triple band frequency generator based on the optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) with low phase noise has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In this novel scheme, the phase-coherent triple band frequency in C, Ku and K bands can be achieved simultaneously by biasing the first modulator in the oscillation loop at the minimum transmission point (MITP) and the second modulator near the MITP with a small deviation. In the proof-of-concept experiment, the triple band frequency signals at 5.36, 16.08 and 21.44 GHz are generated with the phase noise of −123.32, −113.68 and −111.19 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset frequency, respectively. The proposed scheme provides a novel strategy for phase-coherent multi-band frequency and low phase noise signals generation, which can be potentially used in the multi-function and multi-band frequency electrical systems.

An optical vector network analysis (OVNA) based on double sidebands (DSB) modulation and the Pound Drever Hall (PDH) technique is proposed and demonstrated. The frequency responses measurement of the high Q optical device with high stability are achieved by transmitting the DSB modulation signals through the device. The high stability can be realized by using the PDH feedback loop. Compared with the conventional DSB-based OVNA, the proposed scheme with only one step measurement avoids the complex post-processing. Moreover, the long-term measurement with high stability can also be realized. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out, which achieves the magnitude and phase responses of the Fabry-Perot interferometer, and there is no frequency response shift even though the test time is up to 90 minutes. The proposed method is simple and stable, which can be potentially applied in characterization and fabrication of high Q optical devices.

A high-resolution optical vector analysis (OVA) based on optical single sideband (OSSB) modulation using a dual port Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) is proposed and demonstrated. By using the DP-MZM, an OSSB modulation signal is generated. The generated OSSB signal is propagating through the device under test (DUT). After the optical-to-electrical conversion in photodetector (PD), a photocurrent carrying the frequency responses of the DUT is obtained. After signal processing, the photocurrent corresponding to the frequency component is extracted, and the frequency responses of DUT are measured with high-resolution in simulation. To eliminate the frequency response of the system, a calibration procedure is performed by removing the DUT. Compared to the traditional methods, the proposed OVA can be used to measure the frequency responses of high-quality optical devices with MHz-resolution over a large measurement range. By using the DP-MZM, the stability is improved, and the complexity is reduced. The proposed method is theoretically analyzed and verified by simulation. A simulation for measuring the frequency responses of the ideal phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating and the ideal Fabry–Perot cavity is carried out, the frequency responses in a range of 50 GHz are measured with a resolution of 1 MHz. The proposed method can be potentially applied in the field of characterization of integrated optoelectronic devices and future photonic systems.

We systematically evaluated size-dependent and surface-dependent penetrability of upconversion nanoparticles towards the digestive system of the mouse through fluorescent signals and X-ray imaging.

A high-accuracy optical vector analysis (OVA) based on dual-polarization MZM (DPol-MZM) and polarization control is proposed and demonstrated via simulation. By applying the DPol-MZM and adjusting the polarization control module, a linearly polarized optical single-sideband (OSSB) signal with various phase shifts between the swept sidebands and the carrier is achieved. Two measurements are implemented by transmitting the linear polarized OSSB signal through an optical device under test (DUT). The accurate frequency responses of the DUT can be obtained by processing the results of the two measurements. The error caused by the beating between each order sideband signal under the large modulation index can be effectively eliminated without reducing the dynamic range; this shows an improvement in the accuracy over that of the conventional OSSB-based OVA. In the simulation, the frequency responses of the uniform fiber Bragg grating with a bandwidth of 50 GHz can be accurately measured with a resolution of 1 MHz.