Objectives: Brain imaging of regional metabolic changes in cancer patients can provide insights into cancer biology. We aimed to detect regional metabolic changes in the brains of untreated lung cancer patients without brain metastases using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose PET/computed tomography. Methods: The study included 44 lung cancer patients and 17 non-cancer patients as controls. Standardized uptake value (SUV) mean values of 68 different brain regions were recorded, and their ratios to whole brain and brainstem SUVmean were calculated. Results: Comparisons between the groups showed significant reductions in the frontal lobe, inferior temporal gyrus, and right cingulate and paracingulate gyrus ratios in the patient group. Conversely, the right nucleus caudatus and right pallidum ratios were elevated. Correlation analysis with total lesion glycolysis (TLG) revealed positive correlations in the basal ganglia, right insula, amygdala, and right hippocampus ratios. Negative correlations were observed in the left frontal lobe and some temporal and parietal regions. Conclusions: While most brain regions showed reduced metabolism, potentially due to tumor-brain glucose competition, others were preserved or positively correlated with TLG, suggesting a link to poor prognosis. The reduced metabolism in the frontal lobe might be associated with depression and cognitive decline in cancer patients.

Sagliker syndrome (SS) is a rare, exaggerated form of chronic kidney disease (CKD)-mineral and bone disorder resulting from untreated secondary hyperparathyroidism due to CKD. Herein, we describe a 34 -year -old male patient whose Tc-99m-methylene diphosphonate bone scintigraphy and Tc-99m-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy revealed hints of SS and exhibited its defining characteristics.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is an important autoinflammatory disease whose first symptom is usually fever, and life-threatening conditions such as macrophage activation syndrome can develop when diagnosis and treatment is delayed. sJIA is an exclusion diagnosis, and there is no specific test that distinguishes it from other febrile diseases. We report the positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) findings of sJIA in a 12-year-old girl who presented with fever, rash, and arthralgia. ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake was observed in the spleen, bone marrow, and lymph nodes in ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT performed to investigate the etiology of fever of unknown origin. The result of excisional biopsy performed with the suspicion of lymphoma from the left cervical lymph node with intense ¹⁸F-FDG uptake was reported as reactive hyperplasia. PET/CT is an alternative diagnostic method for patients with fever of unknown origin. In this case report, we emphasize that in patients with sJIA, there may be intense fluorodeoxyglucose-avid lymph nodes that may lead to the consideration of lymphoproliferative disease, and PET/CT findings along with spleen and bone marrow involvement may overlap with lymphoma.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is a rare disease characterized by accumulating intraalveolar small calcium phosphate stones. The disease is slow and does not show any signs in the early stages, but the shortness of breath, cough, and right heart failure may develop as it progresses. Methylene diphosphonate used in bone scintigraphy shows high uptake of calcium deposits in the alveoli and causes diffuse increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the lungs.