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The Loess Plateau is located at the transition zone between agriculture and livestock farming; its spatial and temporal pattern of drought is the key for an appropriate adaptation to climate change. This study investigated monthly meteorological observation data of 79 meteorological stations from 1955 to 2014 to calculate the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index at different time scales. The spatial and temporal characteristics and persistence of drought were analyzed. The results showed the following: (i) The drought trend is most apparent in spring (0.096/10a) and lower in summer (0.036/10a) and autumn (0.009/10a). (ii) A higher drought level indicates a lower frequency of droughts occurrence and vice versa. The frequency of light drought was highest (11.36%), while that of extreme drought was lowest (0.12%). (iii) The mean drought intensity was highest in summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter. The drought intensity was mainly light, showing a pattern of severe drought in the northwest and light drought in the southeast. (iv) The Loess Plateau will continue a trend of drought in the future, but the season of the continuous intensity will differ. Droughts in spring and summer are highly persistent, autumn drought trends continue but may slow, and winter droughts become random events.
Yang Li; Zhixiang Xie; Yaochen Qin; Haoming Xia; Zhicheng Zheng; Lijun Zhang; Ziwu Pan; Zhenzhen Liu. Drought Under Global Warming and Climate Change: An Empirical Study of the Loess Plateau. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1281 .
AMA StyleYang Li, Zhixiang Xie, Yaochen Qin, Haoming Xia, Zhicheng Zheng, Lijun Zhang, Ziwu Pan, Zhenzhen Liu. Drought Under Global Warming and Climate Change: An Empirical Study of the Loess Plateau. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang Li; Zhixiang Xie; Yaochen Qin; Haoming Xia; Zhicheng Zheng; Lijun Zhang; Ziwu Pan; Zhenzhen Liu. 2019. "Drought Under Global Warming and Climate Change: An Empirical Study of the Loess Plateau." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1281.
The accessibility of hospital facilities is of great importance not only for maintaining social stability, but also for protecting the basic human right to health care. Traditional accessibility research often lacks consideration of the dynamic changes in transport costs and does not reflect the actual travel time of urban residents, which is critical to time-sensitive hospital services. To avoid these defects, this study considered the city of Kaifeng, China, as an empirical case, and directly acquired travel time data for two travel modes to the hospital in different time periods through web mapping API (Application Program Interface). Further, based on travel time calculations, we compared five baseline indicators. For the last indicator, we used the optimal weighted accessibility model to measure hospital accessibility for each residential area. The study discovered significant differences in the frequency and spatial distribution of hospital accessibility using public transit and self-driving modes of transportation. In addition, there is an imbalance between accessibility travel times in the study area and the number of arrivals at hospitals. In particular, different modes of transportation and different travel periods also have a certain impact on accessibility of medical treatment. The research results shed new light on the accessibility of urban public facilities and provide a scientific basis with which local governments can optimize the spatial structure of hospital resources.
Zhicheng Zheng; Haoming Xia; Shrinidhi Ambinakudige; Yaochen Qin; Yang Li; Zhixiang Xie; Lijun Zhang; Haibin Gu. Spatial Accessibility to Hospitals Based on Web Mapping API: An Empirical Study in Kaifeng, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1160 .
AMA StyleZhicheng Zheng, Haoming Xia, Shrinidhi Ambinakudige, Yaochen Qin, Yang Li, Zhixiang Xie, Lijun Zhang, Haibin Gu. Spatial Accessibility to Hospitals Based on Web Mapping API: An Empirical Study in Kaifeng, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (4):1160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhicheng Zheng; Haoming Xia; Shrinidhi Ambinakudige; Yaochen Qin; Yang Li; Zhixiang Xie; Lijun Zhang; Haibin Gu. 2019. "Spatial Accessibility to Hospitals Based on Web Mapping API: An Empirical Study in Kaifeng, China." Sustainability 11, no. 4: 1160.