Directed and elliptic flows of neutrons and light-charged particles were measured for the reaction ${}^{197}\mathrm{Au}+{}^{197}\mathrm{Au}$ at 400 MeV/nucleon incident energy within the ASY-EOS experimental campaign at the GSI laboratory. The detection system consisted of the Large Area Neutron Detector (LAND), combined with parts of the CHIMERA multidetector, the ALADIN Time-of-flight Wall, and the Washington University Microball detector. The latter three arrays were used for the event characterization and reaction-plane reconstruction. In addition, an array of triple telescopes, KRATTA was used for complementary measurements of the isotopic composition and flows of light-charged particles. From the comparison of the elliptic-flow ratio of neutrons with respect to charged particles with UrQMD predictions, a value $\gamma =0.72\pm 0.19$ is obtained for the power-law coefficient describing the density dependence of the potential part in the parametrization of the symmetry energy. It represents a new and more stringent constraint for the regime of suprasaturation density and confirms, with a considerably smaller uncertainty, the moderately soft to linear density dependence deduced from the earlier FOPI-LAND data. The densities probed are shown to reach beyond twice saturation.

Quasifree one-proton knockout reactions have been employed in inverse kinematics for a systematic study of the structure of stable and exotic oxygen isotopes at the ${\mathrm{R}}^3\mathrm{B}/\mathrm{LAND}$ setup with incident beam energies in the range of $300–450\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{u}$. The oxygen isotopic chain offers a large variation of separation energies that allows for a quantitative understanding of single-particle strength with changing isospin asymmetry. Quasifree knockout reactions provide a complementary approach to intermediate-energy one-nucleon removal reactions. Inclusive cross sections for quasifree knockout reactions of the type ${}^A\mathrm{O}(p,2p){}^{A-1}\mathrm{N}$ have been determined and compared to calculations based on the eikonal reaction theory. The reduction factors for the single-particle strength with respect to the independent-particle model were obtained and compared to state-of-the-art ab initio predictions. The results do not show any significant dependence on proton-neutron asymmetry.

The very neutron-rich oxygen isotopes ${}^{25}$O and ${}^{26}$O are investigated experimentally and theoretically. The unbound states are populated in an experiment performed at the R3B-LAND setup at GSI via proton-knockout reactions from ${}^{26}$F and ${}^{27}$F at relativistic energies around 442 and 414 MeV/nucleon, respectively. From the kinematically complete measurement of the decay into ${}^{24}$O plus one or two neutrons, the ${}^{25}$O ground-state energy and width are determined, and upper limits for the ${}^{26}$O ground-state energy and lifetime are extracted. In addition, the results provide indications for an excited state in ${}^{26}$O at around 4 MeV. The experimental findings are compared to theoretical shell-model calculations based on chiral two- and three-nucleon ($3N$) forces, including for the first time residual $3N$ forces, which are shown to be amplified as valence neutrons are added.

A new technique to measure $(p,n)$ charge-exchange reactions in inverse kinematics at intermediate energies on unstable isotopes was successfully developed and used to study the ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}(p,n)$ reaction at $110\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{u}$. Gamow-Teller transition strengths from ${}^{56}\mathrm{Ni}$ leading to ${}^{56}\mathrm{Cu}$ were obtained and compared with shell-model predictions in the $pf$ shell using the KB3G and GXPF1A interactions. The calculations with the GXPF1A interaction reproduce the experimental strength distribution much better than the calculations that employed the KB3G interaction, indicating deficiencies in the spin-orbit and proton-neutron residual potentials for the latter. The results are important for improving the description of electron-capture rates on nuclei in the iron region, which are important for modeling the late evolution of core-collapse and thermonuclear supernovae.

The experimental data obtained from the reaction of ${}^6$Li projectiles at 2$A$ GeV on a fixed graphite target were analyzed to study the invariant mass distributions of $d+{\pi }^{-}$ and $t+{\pi }^{-}$. Indications of a signal in the $d+{\pi }^{-}$ and $t+{\pi }^{-}$ invariant mass distributions were observed with significances of 5.3 $\sigma$ and 5.0 $\sigma$, respectively, when including the production target, and 3.7 $\sigma$ and 5.2 $\sigma$, respectively, when excluding the target. The estimated mean values of the invariant mass for $d+{\pi }^{-}$ and $t+{\pi }^{-}$ signal were 2059.3 $\pm$ 1.3 $\pm$ 1.7 MeV/c${}^2$ and 2993.7 $\pm$ 1.3 $\pm$ 0.6 MeV/c${}^2$ respectively. The lifetime estimation of the possible bound states yielding to $d+{\pi }^{-}$ and $t+{\pi }^{-}$ final states were deduced to be as ${181}_{-24}^{+30}\pm 25$ ps and ${190}_{-35}^{+47}\pm 36$ ps, respectively. Those final states may be interpreted as the two-body and three-body decay modes of a neutral bound state of two neutrons and a $\Lambda$ hyperon, ${}_{\Lambda }^{3}n$.