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Dr. Amy Javernick-Will
Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder

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0 Disaster Recovery
0 Disaster Risk Reduction
0 Engineering Education
0 Global Engineering
0 Knowledge Management

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Conference paper
Published: 04 September 2020 in 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings
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The Use and Misuse of “Gender” and “Sex” Terminologies in Civil Engineering LiteratureMany social scientists and humanists differentiate sex and gender, and recognize gender as thesocial construction of biological sex. However, in civil engineering the terminologies are oftenused synonymously. The goal of the majority of gender research in civil engineering is tocontribute to a sex ratio representative of the population one by searching for cause-effectrelationships. Research that looks at sex ratio misrepresentation searched for causes of seximbalance and regards sex imbalance as the only effect of gender. For example, such researchcan look at women retention in the industry and find out that disadvantaged maternityenvironment can be one of the causes that affects sex imbalance in organizations. However,gender is the social construction of sex which dichotomizes the world into masculinities andfemininities and produces many other cause-effect relationships (e.g. dominant masculinities inengineering – sex imbalance; gender definitions – power). While encouraging womenrepresentation in engineering organizations can help mitigate gender issues, missing other gendercause-effect relationships can produce less sustainable solutions. We argue that foundations ofmissing gender cause-effect relationships lay in misusing the terms which makes certain gendercharacteristics invisible. Specifically, research that uses gender and sex synonymously andresearch that makes a distinction between gender and sex lays foundation to two differentresearch questions and cause-effect relationships. To test our hypothesis we will investigate theuse of gender and sex from 2003 to 2013 in four journals in construction engineering andmanagement—Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Journal of Management inEngineering, Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, andConstruction Management and Economics. By coding use of these terms and analyzing whetherthese terms are used interchangeably, we determine if gender is ignored, and if thisinterchangeable use drives different research questions and solutions. The research contributes tothe field of gender in civil engineering by addressing term differences that are largely missed inthe field. Similarly, this research inspires future questions that look beyond fixing the sex ratio inthe industry.

ACS Style

Cristina Poleacovschi; Amy Javernick-Will. The Use and Misuse of 'Gender' and 'Sex' Terminologies in Civil Engineering Literature. 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings 2020, 24.1249.1 -24.1249.17.

AMA Style

Cristina Poleacovschi, Amy Javernick-Will. The Use and Misuse of 'Gender' and 'Sex' Terminologies in Civil Engineering Literature. 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. 2020; ():24.1249.1-24.1249.17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Poleacovschi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "The Use and Misuse of 'Gender' and 'Sex' Terminologies in Civil Engineering Literature." 2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings , no. : 24.1249.1-24.1249.17.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2020 in Sustainability
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To address the complex challenge of sustaining basic water and sanitation services in low income settings, international organizations and local and national government entities are beginning to design and implement interventions explicitly aimed at addressing system weaknesses. Often referred to as “systems approaches,” these interventions seek to understand, engage with, and positively influence the network of actors and the interacting factors that deliver services. As WASH sector assistance and support activities shift toward systems approaches, many associated intermediate results and desired outcomes become less quantifiable than those of more traditional WASH activities. This paper reviews systems approaches, evaluation methodologies, and several applications in East Africa, at varying geographic scales. Early findings from the application of outcome mapping and system-wide assessments within the USAID-funded Sustainable WASH Systems Learning Partnership (SWS) indicate the importance of including both within an overall monitoring approach to support systems strengthening of water and sanitation services. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development, or the U.S. Government.

ACS Style

Daniel Hollander; Brittany Ajroud; Evan Thomas; Shawn Peabody; Elizabeth Jordan; Amy Javernick-Will; Karl Linden. Monitoring Methods for Systems-Strengthening Activities Toward Sustainable Water and Sanitation Services in Low-Income Settings. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7044 .

AMA Style

Daniel Hollander, Brittany Ajroud, Evan Thomas, Shawn Peabody, Elizabeth Jordan, Amy Javernick-Will, Karl Linden. Monitoring Methods for Systems-Strengthening Activities Toward Sustainable Water and Sanitation Services in Low-Income Settings. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Hollander; Brittany Ajroud; Evan Thomas; Shawn Peabody; Elizabeth Jordan; Amy Javernick-Will; Karl Linden. 2020. "Monitoring Methods for Systems-Strengthening Activities Toward Sustainable Water and Sanitation Services in Low-Income Settings." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7044.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Journal of Management in Engineering
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It is common for recovery policies to be crafted following disasters, such as the relocation of exposed populations, but it is rare for policy intent to be fully realized. Although critiques center on failed outcomes, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding implementation, which encompasses the intermediary processes between policy formation and outcomes. Without an understanding of implementation, it is difficult to identify actionable opportunities for change. Using document-based classic content analysis, narrative analysis, and process mapping, this study systematically compared policy and implementation to identify discrepancies unfolding throughout typhoon-induced relocation in the Philippines. Two types of discrepancies emerged: unfulfilled, which were covered in policy but not present in implementation; and added, which were unaddressed or underaddressed in policy but added by necessity during implementation. Analysis revealed that community services and infrastructure were added discrepancies, whereas development-oriented objectives were unfulfilled discrepancies. One well-documented relocation discrepancy, water supply, was analyzed in depth using implementation analysis, revealing that delayed and, at times, disorganized project management was driven by a lack of ownership and goal clarity. Shifting strategies throughout implementation indicate a need to further investigate the implementation of risk reduction and resilience-oriented policies in postdisaster contexts.

ACS Style

Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. Discrepancies between Postdisaster Relocation Policy and Implementation in the Philippines. Journal of Management in Engineering 2020, 36, 04020040 .

AMA Style

Shaye Palagi, Amy Javernick-Will. Discrepancies between Postdisaster Relocation Policy and Implementation in the Philippines. Journal of Management in Engineering. 2020; 36 (4):04020040.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "Discrepancies between Postdisaster Relocation Policy and Implementation in the Philippines." Journal of Management in Engineering 36, no. 4: 04020040.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2020 in Sustainability
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How residents perceive housing safety affects how structures are designed, built, and maintained. This study assesses the perceptions of housing safety through a survey of over 450 individuals in communities that received post-disaster housing reconstruction assistance following 2013’s Typhoon Yolanda, and that were potentially vulnerable to earthquakes. We analyzed how housing design factors, post-disaster program elements, personal characteristics, and hazard type and exposure influenced safety perceptions. Overall, individuals were most concerned with the safety of their roofs during hazard events and perceived their houses would be less safe in a future typhoon than a future earthquake. Housing material significantly impacted safety perceptions, with individuals in wood houses perceiving their houses to be the least safe. Individuals living in areas more exposed to hazards also perceived their houses to be less safe. Being relocated after the typhoon, witnessing good or bad practices during reconstruction, and prior disaster experience also significantly influenced perceptions of housing safety. These results are used to make recommendations on how implementing organizations can most beneficially intervene with program factors to improve local understanding of housing safety.

ACS Style

Casie Venable; Amy Javernick-Will; Abbie B. Liel. Perceptions of Post-Disaster Housing Safety in Future Typhoons and Earthquakes. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3837 .

AMA Style

Casie Venable, Amy Javernick-Will, Abbie B. Liel. Perceptions of Post-Disaster Housing Safety in Future Typhoons and Earthquakes. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Casie Venable; Amy Javernick-Will; Abbie B. Liel. 2020. "Perceptions of Post-Disaster Housing Safety in Future Typhoons and Earthquakes." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3837.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2020 in Sustainability
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Mass relocation—the transfer of communities to new housing developments—is often implemented following disasters, despite criticism that past projects have not created livable communities for residents. Livable relocation communities are those where residents experience quality housing, utilities, social infrastructure, neighborliness, safety, and a sense of permanence. Numerous conditions may support livability, such as site location, community involvement, and processes of managing construction and beneficiary transfer. We evaluated relocation communities in Tacloban City, Philippines, applying Qualitative Comparative Analysis to identify pathways, or combinations of conditions, that led to built and societal livability. We found pathways to livability generally differed between government and non-government developed sites, with the former benefiting from a slower pace and standard permitting procedures, and the latter by building fast and using scale and need to prompt improved services. An unexpected combination emerged as a pathway to societal livability—being remote and comprised of households originally from a mix of different communities—revealing a new narrative for positive social outcomes in relocation. Three conditions emerged as necessary for achieving overall livability: fast construction, full occupancy, and close proximity to an economic and administrative center. This analysis demonstrates necessary conditions and pathways that implementing agencies can reference in their quest to create livable relocation communities.

ACS Style

Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3474 .

AMA Style

Shaye Palagi, Amy Javernick-Will. Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (8):3474.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "Pathways to Livable Relocation Settlements Following Disaster." Sustainability 12, no. 8: 3474.

Main article
Published: 01 April 2020 in System Dynamics Review
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Group model building (GMB) approaches have been shown to improve participants' understanding of complexity by shifting and aligning individuals' mental models of the interconnections within complex systems. However, reviews of GMB literature have identified knowledge gaps for assessing the efficacy of GMB activities. To address these gaps, these studies recommend assessing multiple cases, shifting from controlled to applied settings, and reporting on objective measures. We address each of these items by comparing the outputs of multiple community‐based GMB workshops to participants' mental models elicited through pre‐workshop interviews. Using purposive text analysis, we developed causal loop diagrams for comparison to a group workshop model. Through a quantitative analysis, we find that individuals convened in GMB workshops have greater alignment on factors, causal links, and feedback. We believe these contributions can help other GMB practitioners better assess the efficacy of their activities with more rigor and detail. © 2020 System Dynamics Society

ACS Style

Nicholas Valcourt; Jeffrey Walters; Amy Javernick‐Will; Karl Linden. Assessing the efficacy of group model building workshops in an applied setting through purposive text analysis. System Dynamics Review 2020, 36, 135 -157.

AMA Style

Nicholas Valcourt, Jeffrey Walters, Amy Javernick‐Will, Karl Linden. Assessing the efficacy of group model building workshops in an applied setting through purposive text analysis. System Dynamics Review. 2020; 36 (2):135-157.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Valcourt; Jeffrey Walters; Amy Javernick‐Will; Karl Linden. 2020. "Assessing the efficacy of group model building workshops in an applied setting through purposive text analysis." System Dynamics Review 36, no. 2: 135-157.

Journal article
Published: 25 March 2020 in Sustainability
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The international development sector is increasingly implementing collaborative approaches that facilitate a range of sectoral-level stakeholders to jointly address complex problems facing sustainable public service delivery, for which guidance does not explicitly exist. The literature on collaborative approaches has been built on experiences in high-income countries with vastly different governance capabilities, limiting their global relevance. A Delphi expert panel addressed this need by evaluating 58 factors hypothesized in the literature to contribute to the success of collaborative approaches. The panel rated factors according to their importance in low-income country contexts, on a scale from Not Important to Essential. Experts agreed on the importance of 49 factors, eight of which were essential for success. Rich qualitative data from open-ended responses revealed factors that may be unique to low-income country contexts and to service delivery applications, including how government capacity, politics, donor influence, and culture can influence decisions on structuring leadership and facilitation roles, appropriately engaging the government, and building legitimacy. Key considerations for future practice and research are summarized in a table in the appendix. This study contributes to both literature and practice by identifying the relative importance of factors to consider when designing collaborative approaches in low-income countries with limited governance capabilities.

ACS Style

Kimberly Pugel; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann; Shawn Peabody; Karl Linden. Adapting Collaborative Approaches for Service Provision to Low-Income Countries: Expert Panel Results. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2612 .

AMA Style

Kimberly Pugel, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann, Shawn Peabody, Karl Linden. Adapting Collaborative Approaches for Service Provision to Low-Income Countries: Expert Panel Results. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kimberly Pugel; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann; Shawn Peabody; Karl Linden. 2020. "Adapting Collaborative Approaches for Service Provision to Low-Income Countries: Expert Panel Results." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2612.

Journal article
Published: 16 March 2020 in Sustainability
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The central United States has seen an increase in earthquakes in recent years, spurring academics to research this new hazard and communicate their findings to the public—that the earthquakes are human-induced and tied to activities associated with oil and gas development. However, individuals receive information from a variety of sources and accept or reject information based on how credible they view the information source. Within this study, we administered and analyzed a household survey to understand what sources individuals view as credible regarding induced seismicity and oil and gas development, and what factors predict this perceived source credibility. We found that academics were viewed as the most credible source, and elected officials were viewed as the least credible source. Rural respondents viewed sources, including academics, as less credible than their urban counterparts. Those who experienced more negative impacts of induced seismicity viewed all sources as less credible than did individuals who have not experienced such adverse impacts. These findings are important to consider when developing outreach and communication campaigns around sustainability issues, as the public will view certain sources, particularly academics, as more credible than the sources that traditionally create and enact policy, such as elected officials and government agencies.

ACS Style

Andrew Tracy; Amy Javernick-Will. Credible Sources of Information Regarding Induced Seismicity. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2308 .

AMA Style

Andrew Tracy, Amy Javernick-Will. Credible Sources of Information Regarding Induced Seismicity. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Tracy; Amy Javernick-Will. 2020. "Credible Sources of Information Regarding Induced Seismicity." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2308.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Rural water supply services worldwide consistently fail to deliver full public health impacts as intended due to a low service sustainability. This failure is increasingly attributed to weak local systems composed of social, financial and environmental factors. Current approaches in the water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) sector for understanding and improving these systems typically focus on the strength and capacity of these factors, but not the interactions between them. We contend that these approaches overlook the inherent complexity and context-specific nature of each local system. To assess this complexity, we conducted four participatory factor mapping workshops with local stakeholders across multiple rural water contexts to identify the factors and interactions that support service sustainability. We then evaluate the potential for factors to act as strategic leverage points based on influence, dependence and feedback metrics that arise from their interactions with other factors. We find that while participants across the contexts tend to identify a common set of factors, the interactions amongst those factors and their individual ability to influence service sustainability varies considerably across contexts. These findings suggest that a more intentional focus on factor interactions in WASH systems could lead to more effective strategies for improving service sustainability.

ACS Style

Nicholas Valcourt; Jeffrey Walters; Amy Javernick-Will; Karl Linden; Betelhem Hailegiorgis. Understanding Rural Water Services as a Complex System: An Assessment of Key Factors as Potential Leverage Points for Improved Service Sustainability. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1243 .

AMA Style

Nicholas Valcourt, Jeffrey Walters, Amy Javernick-Will, Karl Linden, Betelhem Hailegiorgis. Understanding Rural Water Services as a Complex System: An Assessment of Key Factors as Potential Leverage Points for Improved Service Sustainability. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Valcourt; Jeffrey Walters; Amy Javernick-Will; Karl Linden; Betelhem Hailegiorgis. 2020. "Understanding Rural Water Services as a Complex System: An Assessment of Key Factors as Potential Leverage Points for Improved Service Sustainability." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1243.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Endemic issues of sustainability in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector have led to the rapid expansion of ‘system approaches’ for assessing the multitude of interconnected factors that affect WASH outcomes. However, the sector lacks a systematic analysis and characterization of the knowledge base for systems approaches, in particular how and where they are being implemented and what outcomes have resulted from their application. To address this need, we conducted a wide-ranging systematic literature review of systems approaches for WASH across peer-reviewed, grey, and organizational literature. Our results show a myriad of methods, scopes, and applications within the sector, but an inadequate level of information in the literature to evaluate the utility and efficacy of systems approaches for improving WASH service sustainability. Based on this analysis, we propose four recommendations for improving the evidence base including: diversifying methods that explicitly evaluate interconnections between factors within WASH systems; expanding geopolitical applications; improving reporting on resources required to implement given approaches; and enhancing documentation of effects of systems approaches on WASH services. Overall, these findings provide a robust survey of the existing landscape of systems approaches for WASH and propose a path for future research in this emerging field.

ACS Style

Nicholas Valcourt; Amy Javernick-Will; Jeffrey Walters; Karl Linden. System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 702 .

AMA Style

Nicholas Valcourt, Amy Javernick-Will, Jeffrey Walters, Karl Linden. System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):702.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Valcourt; Amy Javernick-Will; Jeffrey Walters; Karl Linden. 2020. "System Approaches to Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 702.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2019 in Sustainability
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This study analyzed combinations of conditions that influence regular payments for water service in resource-limited communities. To do so, the study investigated 16 communities participating in a new preventive maintenance program in the Kamuli District of Uganda under a public–private partnership framework. First, this study identified conditions posited as important for collective payment compliance from a literature review. Then, drawing from data included in a water source report and by conducting semi-structured interviews with households and water user committees (WUC), we identified communities that were compliant with, or suspended from, preventative maintenance service payments. Through qualitative analyses of these data and case knowledge, we identified and characterized conditions that appeared to contribute to these outcomes. Then, we employed fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to determine the combinations of conditions that led to payment compliance. Overall, the findings from this study reveal distinct pathways of conditions that impact payment compliance and reflect the multifaceted nature of water point sustainability. Practically, the findings identify the processes needed for successful payment compliance, which include a strong WUC with proper support and training, user perceptions that the water quality is high and available in adequate quantities, ongoing support, and a lack of nearby water sources. A comprehensive understanding of the combined factors that lead to payment compliance can improve future preventative maintenance programs, guide the design of water service arrangements, and ultimately increase water service sustainability.

ACS Style

Liesbet Olaerts; Jeffrey P. Walters; Karl G. Linden; Amy Javernick-Will; Adam Harvey. Factors Influencing Revenue Collection for Preventative Maintenance of Community Water Systems: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3726 .

AMA Style

Liesbet Olaerts, Jeffrey P. Walters, Karl G. Linden, Amy Javernick-Will, Adam Harvey. Factors Influencing Revenue Collection for Preventative Maintenance of Community Water Systems: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3726.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liesbet Olaerts; Jeffrey P. Walters; Karl G. Linden; Amy Javernick-Will; Adam Harvey. 2019. "Factors Influencing Revenue Collection for Preventative Maintenance of Community Water Systems: A Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3726.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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Engineering and construction organizations realize that knowledge sharing between employees is essential to be competitive, yet few understand how knowledge sharing is affected by management choices. This paper examines how managerial control systems, the structures and routines used to influence organizational activities, influence knowledge accessibility, defined as the effort that one takes to request and access knowledge from another person. Specifically, this research examines and compares the effects of clan and bureaucratic control on the accessibility of tacit versus codified knowledge. The researchers propose that individuals who perceive greater clan control, or governance through common values and beliefs, will perceive greater accessibility of both tacit and codified knowledge; while individuals who perceive greater bureaucratic control, or governance through rules and procedures, will perceive increase in codified knowledge only. To test the role of alignment between control systems and knowledge types in affecting knowledge accessibility, a questionnaire was administered to all engineers located in North America (855 people) within one engineering organization, and data collected from 298 responses were analyzed using linear regression analysis. The results in this research improve our understanding of knowledge accessibility and is an important step toward integrating control systems, knowledge type, and knowledge accessibility.

ACS Style

Cristina Poleacovschi; Amy Javernick-Will; Tony Tong; John Wanberg. Engineers Seeking Knowledge: Effect of Control Systems on Accessibility of Tacit and Codified Knowledge. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 2019, 145, 04018128 .

AMA Style

Cristina Poleacovschi, Amy Javernick-Will, Tony Tong, John Wanberg. Engineers Seeking Knowledge: Effect of Control Systems on Accessibility of Tacit and Codified Knowledge. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management. 2019; 145 (2):04018128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Poleacovschi; Amy Javernick-Will; Tony Tong; John Wanberg. 2019. "Engineers Seeking Knowledge: Effect of Control Systems on Accessibility of Tacit and Codified Knowledge." Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 145, no. 2: 04018128.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Sanitation systems globally fail at high rates. Researchers and practitioners attribute the causes of both sanitation success and failure to numerous factors that include technical and non-technical issues. A comprehensive understanding of what leads to sanitation failure and how to achieve sanitation success is imperative to prioritize the use of limited resources. To determine which combinations of causal conditions led to successful and failed sanitation systems, we applied fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis to 20 cases in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, India with small-scale sanitation systems. Two pathways led to successful sanitation systems, and four pathways led to failed sanitation systems. All successful systems required Sufficient O&M Funds, a Clear O&M Plan, and Technical Support in addition to either Addressed Sanitation Priorities and Community Participation in Planning or Behavior Change Education and Municipality Involved in Planning. All failed systems had Lack of Municipality in Planning, Unaddressed Sanitation Priorities, and No Technical Support. Most failed systems also had No Clear O&M Plan, Poor Construction Quality, Lack of Community Participation in Planning, and Insufficient O&M Funds. Two failed cases had unique pathways because Government Barriers permanently disrupted use and maintenance. Overall, implementing organizations who initiate sanitation projects in resource-limited communities should ensure that (1) communities have adequate technical and financial resources for maintenance; (2) community and municipality stakeholders are engaged in planning and know their maintenance responsibilities; and (3) appropriate technologies are selected that meet community needs and achieve community buy-in.

ACS Style

Allie Davis; Amy Javernick-Will; Sherri Cook. The use of qualitative comparative analysis to identify pathways to successful and failed sanitation systems. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 663, 507 -517.

AMA Style

Allie Davis, Amy Javernick-Will, Sherri Cook. The use of qualitative comparative analysis to identify pathways to successful and failed sanitation systems. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 663 ():507-517.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Allie Davis; Amy Javernick-Will; Sherri Cook. 2019. "The use of qualitative comparative analysis to identify pathways to successful and failed sanitation systems." Science of The Total Environment 663, no. : 507-517.

Journal article
Published: 16 November 2018 in Sustainability
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The delivery of post-disaster shelter assistance continues to be fraught with challenges derived from the coordination of resources, involvement of project stakeholders, and training of households and builders. There is a need to better understand what project elements in the delivery of post-disaster shelter projects most influence resilience and sustainability. To address this need, we examined nineteen post-disaster shelter projects in the Philippines following Typhoon Haiyan. We first characterized coordination, participation, and training employed across the planning, design, and construction phases of shelter projects and then used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to assess the influence of these elements, alone and in combination, on building resilient and sustainable community infrastructure systems. Findings show that early involvement of households in planning efforts, combined with subsequent training, was important in evolving recovery outcomes. Our results point to the importance of: (1) supporting household sheltering processes over delivering hard products; (2) strategically linking project processes across phases; and (3) aligning humanitarian actions with long-term development. Conclusions from this study contribute to theory of sheltering in developing communities and more broadly to theory of recovery processes that link to community resilience and sustainability.

ACS Style

Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4241 .

AMA Style

Aaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann. A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):4241.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. 2018. "A Comparative Analysis of Coordination, Participation, and Training in Post-Disaster Shelter Projects." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 4241.

Journal article
Published: 26 October 2018 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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In the aftermath of a disaster there is often a call for mass relocation of exposed populations. The surrounding institutional context, comprised of normative and cultural-cognitive elements in addition to regulations, guides decisions made by relocation organizations. The theory of organizational institutionalism provides a window into beliefs, social norms, and coercive measures, but has not yet been employed to study relocation decision making. We investigated relocation in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 to illustrate how regulative, normative, and cultural-cognitive ‘pillars’ of institutions affected the who, what, where, when, why, and how of relocation decisions. Results from the analysis of interviews, meeting observations, and documentation highlight areas of both discord and harmony between institutional pillars. Regulative and cultural-cognitive institutional influences often counter each other and can pull implementing organizations in opposite directions, particularly across the national-local divide. For example, in considering who drove implementation decisions, regulatory mandates determined which organizations originally participated but cultural-cognitive views eventually amplified organizational identities and diversified participation. The regulative and cultural-cognitive pillar were only unified in their influence on where to best place relocation development. Normative influences strongly impacted the how of implementation by defining proper behavior and communication both in and between inter-organizational meetings. However, how is increasingly pressured by cultural-cognitive appeals for improved implementation coordination. An emerging trend for future analysis is the need to study how post-disaster relocation motivates institutional change.

ACS Style

Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. Institutional constraints influencing relocation decision making and implementation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2018, 33, 310 -320.

AMA Style

Shaye Palagi, Amy Javernick-Will. Institutional constraints influencing relocation decision making and implementation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018; 33 ():310-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaye Palagi; Amy Javernick-Will. 2018. "Institutional constraints influencing relocation decision making and implementation." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 33, no. : 310-320.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Journal of Management in Engineering
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Organizational structures in public-private partnerships (P3s) have the potential to decrease fragmentation and increase collaboration between key project-team stakeholders across the lifecycle phases of a project. These outcomes, in turn, also enhance the realization of an improved lifecycle design. In this exploratory study, the interorganizational coordination of three recent U.S. P3s was analyzed and the influences of the coordination on the lifecycle design decision-making processes were compared. For each of the three P3 projects, the authors conducted interviews with key project team members and collected project documentation, and these data were then analyzed to explore lifecycle design decision-making processes for each project. The empirical findings show how interorganizational coordination mechanisms influence the lifecycle design decision-making processes in P3s. The findings also show the ways that the coordination mechanisms resulted in improved or inhibited lifecycle design decision-making according to differences in the intended and actual implementation. As coordination mechanisms diminished, particularly iterative and over-the-shoulder design processes, lifecycle design effectiveness decreased. Conversely, effective implementation of key coordination mechanisms, such as a single point of contact and over-the-shoulder design reviews by downstream team members, improved lifecycle design processes. Ultimately, this study extends the growing body of knowledge for understanding the influence of P3 organizational structures.

ACS Style

Eric I. Antillon; Michael J. Garvin; Keith R. Molenaar; Amy Javernick-Will. Influence of Interorganizational Coordination on Lifecycle Design Decision Making: Comparative Case Study of Public–Private Partnership Highway Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering 2018, 34, 05018007 .

AMA Style

Eric I. Antillon, Michael J. Garvin, Keith R. Molenaar, Amy Javernick-Will. Influence of Interorganizational Coordination on Lifecycle Design Decision Making: Comparative Case Study of Public–Private Partnership Highway Projects. Journal of Management in Engineering. 2018; 34 (5):05018007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eric I. Antillon; Michael J. Garvin; Keith R. Molenaar; Amy Javernick-Will. 2018. "Influence of Interorganizational Coordination on Lifecycle Design Decision Making: Comparative Case Study of Public–Private Partnership Highway Projects." Journal of Management in Engineering 34, no. 5: 05018007.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2018 in Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology
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Semi-structured interviews with females and community members identified the greatest number of unique and most priorities in resource-limited communities.

ACS Style

Allie Davis; Amy Javernick-Will; Sherri M. Cook; Allison Davis. A comparison of interviews, focus groups, and photovoice to identify sanitation priorities and increase success of community-based sanitation systems. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 2018, 4, 1451 -1463.

AMA Style

Allie Davis, Amy Javernick-Will, Sherri M. Cook, Allison Davis. A comparison of interviews, focus groups, and photovoice to identify sanitation priorities and increase success of community-based sanitation systems. Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology. 2018; 4 (10):1451-1463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Allie Davis; Amy Javernick-Will; Sherri M. Cook; Allison Davis. 2018. "A comparison of interviews, focus groups, and photovoice to identify sanitation priorities and increase success of community-based sanitation systems." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 4, no. 10: 1451-1463.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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ACS Style

Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. Household construction knowledge acquisition in post-disaster shelter training. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2018, 28, 131 -139.

AMA Style

Aaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Matthew Koschmann. Household construction knowledge acquisition in post-disaster shelter training. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2018; 28 ():131-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Matthew Koschmann. 2018. "Household construction knowledge acquisition in post-disaster shelter training." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 28, no. : 131-139.

Conference paper
Published: 29 March 2018 in Construction Research Congress 2018
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Over the past decade, the U.S. has experienced more tornadoes than any other country. Once considered low-probability events, today over 1,200 tornadoes form across the country each year. States located within the central U.S. are particularly tornado-prone and referred to as “Tornado Alley” (e.g., Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio). Existing single-family residential houses located in Tornado Alley are increasingly exposed to wind damage associated with tornadoes, resulting in approximately one billion dollars of annual losses. To facilitate post-tornado recovery, the construction industry must meet demand for reconstruction of residential houses. Construction capacity, defined here as the maximum building volume a construction industry can supply with available resources, determines how efficiently residential housing is rebuilt following a disaster. However, construction capacity is limited by available construction material and labor resources, such as building material wholesalers and residential general contractors. To better understand how construction capacity hinders or facilitates post-disaster reconstruction, this study addressed: How can state-level pre-disaster construction capacity measurements inform post-disaster rebuilding of single-family residential houses in Tornado Alley? The specific research objectives were to: (1) measure state-level pre-disaster construction capacity as the maximum value of residential construction work that can be performed in a given year, based on material and labor availability; (2) calculate post-disaster tornado losses for single-family residential housing based on FEMA damage inspections; and (3) analyze and compare state-level pre-disaster construction capacity to post-disaster single-family housing damages. The results identify which states located within tornado alley are the most vulnerable to future tornado disasters due to availability of state-level construction industry resources needed to meet demand for residential housing construction.

ACS Style

Erin Arneson; Matthew Hallowell; Amy Javernick-Will. How Construction Capacity Affects Housing Reconstruction in Tornado Alley. Construction Research Congress 2018 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Erin Arneson, Matthew Hallowell, Amy Javernick-Will. How Construction Capacity Affects Housing Reconstruction in Tornado Alley. Construction Research Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Erin Arneson; Matthew Hallowell; Amy Javernick-Will. 2018. "How Construction Capacity Affects Housing Reconstruction in Tornado Alley." Construction Research Congress 2018 , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 29 March 2018 in Construction Research Congress 2018
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Participation in post-disaster shelter reconstruction is recognized as an important factor for supporting the sustainability and resiliency of the built environment. Engaging communities in the reconstruction process can help build community capacity and lead to sustained success of recovery projects. However, existing practice often assumes that differing forms of participation are independent of one another, neglecting to understand the influence that early participation may have on participation in later stages of the project. Past literature identified how communities participated in the planning, design, and construction phases in 19 different shelter projects following Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines. For this research, we used fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to analyze how participation in earlier phases of planning and design affected participation in the construction phase. Results show that early participation, particularly in the decisions of the planning phase, are critical in shaping later participation. Findings also reveal that participation is a process linked across multiple project phases and should not be viewed as a set of independent tasks. These results inform disaster recovery practice by encouraging project strategies that incorporate community participation from the beginning through the end of a project’s lifecycle.

ACS Style

Casie Venable; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Abbie Liel. Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction. Construction Research Congress 2018 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Casie Venable, Aaron Opdyke, Amy Javernick-Will, Abbie Liel. Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction. Construction Research Congress 2018. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Casie Venable; Aaron Opdyke; Amy Javernick-Will; Abbie Liel. 2018. "Community Participation in Post-Disaster Shelter Programs: Examining the Evolution of Participation in Planning, Design, and Construction." Construction Research Congress 2018 , no. : 1.