Background. In recent years, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from inhalers have received more attention. The inhalers are classified as controllers and relievers, which are mainly short-acting beta-agonists (SABA), and SABAs account for more than 50% of all inhaler use in most countries. The overuse of SABA is common in asthma patients, but the environmental impact related to these patients has not yet been studied. Methods. Asthma patients were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database between 2011 and 2020. These patients were classified as SABA overuse (≥3 canisters annually) and controlled (<3 canisters annually) according to the 12-month baseline period, and the GHG emission in the following year was calculated. The propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance patients in two groups. Results. A total of 243,136 asthma patients were included for analysis. The annual mean GHG emission associated with the use of inhalers was 69.90 kg/person/year carbon dioxide equivalent in the SABA overuse group. After PSM, there were 22,605 patients in each group, and the mean GHG emission was 2.85 times higher in the SABA overuse group compared to the control group, which was due to both the increased use of SABAs and controller inhalers. Conclusion. The asthma patients who overused SABAs had a greater environmental impact compared to those with acceptable SABA use. It is essential to consider environmental implications when developing asthma treatments, and further research is needed on how to decrease the amount of GHG emissions from inhalers.

INPLASY202630058 Comparative Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Patients with Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Low-…

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of core-inclusive physical training, either performed alone or combined with additional physical conditioning, on clubhead speed (CHS) in healthy golfers and to compare golf-specific swing-simulated core training (GSCT) with non-GSCT. Six primary electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro) and Google Scholar were searched from inception to June 2026 for controlled trials. Continuous CHS outcomes were pooled using random-effects models as Hedges’ g. Nine trials (220 golfers) were analyzed. Overall core-inclusive physical training showed a small, statistically significant effect on CHS (Hedges’ g = 0.290, 95% CI: 0.031 to 0.549, p = 0.028; I² = 0.000%). Subgroup analysis indicated that interventions incorporating GSCT showed a numerically larger effect (Hedges’ g = 0.451, 95% CI: 0.073 to 0.830, p = 0.020) than non-GSCT (Hedges’ g = 0.148, 95% CI: −0.208 to 0.503, p = 0.416). However, meta-regression for between-subgroup differences did not reach statistical significance (Q = 1.31, p = 0.252). Certainty of evidence according to the GRADE framework was rated as low for overall CHS and very low for the GSCT subgroup training. In conclusion, conditioning practitioners may implement comprehensive core-inclusive physical training to enhance CHS, while considering GSCT as a promising yet exploratory strategy pending confirmation from larger randomized trials.