Facial bone defects are frequently encountered problems in clinical practice. Bone grafts, flaps, and alloplastic materials are often used in their treatment. This leads to donor site morbidity and prolongation of the operation. The authors have planned this study to examine whether adipose tissue derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) has an osteogenic effect in the critical sized membranous bone defect of the zygomatic bone. Twenty male Wistar Albino rats were used. Bilateral zygomatic arches were opened with lateral incisions. A standard 3-mm bone defect was created bilaterally on the zygomatic arches of the rats. In the experiment side, the stem cell-rich SVF that was obtained by applying centrifugal process to the adipose tissue derived from the inguinal fat pad was injected into the site of the right zygomatic arch bone defect. In the control side, left zygomatic arch was left for secondary bone healing without any treatment after a 3-mm critical bone defect was created. In the postoperative 10th (n:5) and 20th weeks (n:13), the healing areas of bone defects were assessed by a 3-dimensional tomography, and then, the rats were sacrificed and bone healing was examined histologically. There were no statistically significant differences on the 10th week results. At the 20th week new bone formation amount calculated from the 3-dimensional computed tomography results was significantly higher in the experiment side (P = 0.033). In the histological examination at the 20th week, there was significantly more callus formation in the experiment side (P = 0.0112). Stem cells can increase the rate of bone healing by differentiating into certain tissues. It is predicted that adipose tissue-derived SVF rich with mesenchymal stem cells can increase bone healing in facial bone defects and this application could replace the use of bone grafts and flaps in clinical practice. As a result, it is concluded that adipose tissue-derived stem cells can potentiate osteogenesis and reduce the possibility of developing necrosis on the bone ends.

Background. Systemic oxidative stress may cause detrimental consequences for the liver, leading to hepatic fibrogenesis. Objectives. To investigate histopathological changes in liver tissues due to the increased systemic oxidative stress associated with rat extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) model and to document the consequences of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administration. Material and methods. In this experimental SWL model, 18 Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups. The control group (group I) had no intervention. Group II underwent SWL treatment with intraperitonea I saline injection. Group III also had SWL with intra peritoneal NAC and was divided into short-term (group III-14 days) and long-term (group III-28 days) subgroup. Hepatectomy was performed for histopathological examinations. Histopathological alterations were evaluated with light microscopy. Immunohistological staining for p53 and myeloperoxidase was also performed. Results. Blood samples revealed a significant increase in plasma oxidative stress index (OSI) after plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) had been measured. It was shown that this increased systemic oxidative stress adversely affected liver tissues. Predominantly, sinusoidal dilatation was remarkably observed in rats with significantly high 051 values (p = 0.043). Similarly, periportal necrosis significantly increased in rats with high OSI values (p = 0.033). p53 positivity was also remarkable in rats with systemic oxidative stress (p = 0.049). N-acetylcysteine administration provided a significant decrease in OSI. N-acetylcysteine also improved all these alterations, including p53 staining. Particularly, sinusoidal dilatation was significantly protected in the long-term NAC group (group III-28 days). Conclusions. We demonstrated that SWL-induced systemic oxidative stress causes histological alterations in liver tissues. Increased p53 and myeloperoxidase staining as markers of oxidative damage were also detected. N-acetylcysteine may protect from these histological and ultra-structural alterations related to oxidative stress.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of anti-adhesion materials, Seprafilm, Suprofilm, olive oil, and olive oil containing Vitamin E by measuring tension forces. Methods: 60 male Wistar-Albino rats were divided into six groups. The front side of the cecum and right abdominal parietal peritoneal wall were abrased. The rats were euthanized on the 14th postoperative day. Adhesions between intestines, omentum, other abdominal organs, cecum, incisionsites, and abdominal anterior wall peritoneum were all evaluated. Adhesion strength was measured with dynamometer. Histopathological evaluations of the adhesion area was performed. Results: Stage-I (0.43Newton) in Group-I, stage-IV (1.0540N) in Group-II, stage-II (0.6370N) in Group-III, stage-II in Group-IV (0, 5230N), stage-III (0.7620N) in Group-V, stage-IV (1.3560N) in Group-VI, were detected. A significant difference was found between these findings. P = 0.001, (p<0.05). Histopathological examination: It was found that GroupV-VI reduced inflammation, increased collagen production, fibroblastic activity and vascular proliferation. Conclusions: More objective evaluation can be made by measuring the tension force of the adhesions. Suprafilm can also be effectively used as an antiadhesive, such as Seprafilm. Olive oil and vitamin E require more studies to be used as antiadhesives.

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of bladder biopsy and resection evaluated in pathology department in 2014-2015. Material and methods: A total of 78 cases from 2014 to 2015 were included in this study. Reports of the cases were removed from the archive and the age, gender, diagnosis and prognostic parameters of the cases were recorded. The distribution of cases according to age and gender was evaluated. Results: 65 of the cases were male, 13 of the cases were female. The average age of cases is between 39 and 90. Twenty-one cases were cystitis and squamous metaplasia. The mean age of benign lesions is between 41 and 85. Five cases of dysplastic lesions were observed. The average age is 61.6 and all of them are male. 52 of the cases were malignant. 49 of the cases were male, 3 of the cases were female. 19 cases of non-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma, 1 case of low malignant potential urothelial neoplasm, 2 of the prostate adenocarcinoma metastasis, 30 of invasive carcinoma. 20 of the cases were pT1, 9 of the cases were pT2, 1 of the case was pT4 and 19 of the cases were pTa. The mean age was 64.5. Invasive tumors are all male. The mean age was 74.6. Conclusion: In this study, tumors and non-tumoral lesions were seen spreading to a wide range of age in bladder. Benign and malignant lesions were observed in males. Benign lesions were more common in females than malignant lesions in females.