Background/Objectives: Preeclampsia is associated with placental, vascular, and endocrine alterations. We compared peripartum maternal androgen-related hormone measures and anogenital distance (AGD) between women with preeclampsia and normotensive controls and assessed whether observed differences persisted after clinical and sampling-related adjustment. Methods: In this prospectively recruited cross-sectional case-control study, 129 women were assessed for eligibility during delivery admission, and 87 women with singleton pregnancies were included: 41 with preeclampsia and 46 normotensive controls. Serum total testosterone, estradiol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured, and the free androgen index (FAI) was calculated. AGD was assessed as anus-to-clitoris distance (AGDac) and anus-to-fourchette distance (AGDaf). Adjusted linear models used heteroscedasticity-consistent robust standard errors; hormone outcomes were log-transformed. Sensitivity analyses excluded at-delivery samples. Results: Women with preeclampsia had higher total testosterone (3.22 vs. 2.31 nmol/L; p = 0.032), higher FAI (0.95% vs. 0.64%; p = 0.007), lower mean AGDac (10.41 vs. 11.35 cm; p = 0.032), and lower mean AGDaf (3.20 vs. 3.72 cm; p = 0.008). In adjusted models, preeclampsia remained associated with higher total testosterone (+78.3%), higher FAI (+99.9%), shorter AGDac (−1.56 cm), and shorter AGDaf (−0.60 cm). After excluding at-delivery samples (n = 69), only the AGDac association remained statistically significant (−1.39 cm; 95% confidence interval, −2.62 to −0.16; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Peripartum endocrine and AGD differences were observed in preeclampsia. After exclusion of at-delivery samples, AGDac remained statistically significant, whereas the endocrine associations and AGDaf did not. These cross-sectional findings do not establish causality or predictive utility and warrant longitudinal confirmation.

Background/Objectives: Uterine adenosarcoma is a rare uterine malignancy with limited evidence on prognostic factors and long-term outcomes. We aimed to evaluate clinicopathological characteristics, treatment patterns, oncologic outcomes, and prognostic factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with uterine adenosarcoma. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 43 patients with histopathologically confirmed uterine adenosarcoma who underwent primary surgery at seven tertiary referral centers in Türkiye between 2016 and 2026. Clinicopathological features, treatment modalities, recurrence patterns, and survival outcomes were assessed. Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier and log-rank methods, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was 59.1 ± 10.8 years, and 83.7% of patients were postmenopausal. Pelvic pain (62.8%) and abnormal uterine bleeding (60.5%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Most patients (79.1%) underwent laparotomy, and 79.1% had stage I disease. Sarcomatous overgrowth (SO) was present in 44.1% and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in 18.6%. During a median follow-up of 72 months, 34.9% experienced recurrence, most commonly in the pelvis. The five-year DFS and OS rates were 59.9% and 80.4%, respectively. SO was independently associated with DFS (HR 4.41, 95% CI 1.21–16.08; p = 0.025) and OS (HR 10.23, 95% CI 1.16–89.80; p = 0.036), while LVSI was independently associated with OS (HR 11.17, 95% CI 1.34–93.14; p = 0.026). Conclusions: Uterine adenosarcoma showed favorable long-term survival but substantial recurrence risk. SO and LVSI may have potential prognostic relevance and could contribute to postoperative risk assessment and individualized follow-up.