Objective: The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the effects of fluoride- and casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP)-containing products and commercial pediatric dentifrices containing herbal ingredients (propolis, ginger, aloe vera, and rosemary) on artificially induced initial caries lesions in primary tooth enamel using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Materials and Methods: Eighty caries-free primary molars were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 10): two control groups (sound and demineralized enamel), a fluoride group, a CPP-ACP group, and four commercial herbal dentifrice groups containing propolis, ginger, aloe vera, or rosemary. Artificial initial enamel lesions were created in all specimens except those in the positive control group. During a 7-day pH-cycling protocol, the treatment groups received standardized dentifrice slurry applications twice daily for 4 min. At the end of the experimental period, enamel surfaces were evaluated using SEM-EDX. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal–Wallis test, as appropriate (p < 0.05). Results: SEM analysis revealed a comparatively compact and homogeneous surface appearance in the fluoride group, while the ginger group showed a relatively homogeneous surface morphology among the commercial herbal dentifrice groups. EDX analysis showed no statistically significant differences among the groups in Ca wt% (p = 0.085), Ca at% (p = 0.077), atomic Ca/P ratio (p = 0.138), or weight Ca/P ratio (p = 0.126). Significant between-group differences were observed for both P wt% (p = 0.008) and P at% (p = 0.005), as well as O wt% (p = 0.022) and O at% (p = 0.020). Conclusions: The tested products produced qualitative differences in enamel surface micromorphology and significant differences in some EDX-derived relative elemental percentages; however, Ca percentages and Ca/P ratios did not differ significantly among the groups. Therefore, the observed numerical and morphological variations should not be interpreted as evidence of superior mineral gain or remineralization efficacy. Further in situ and in vivo studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of these findings.

Smith–Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare, genetically-based syndrome affecting multiple systems. It is characterized by developmental delay, behavioral disorders, and characteristic facial features. While various descriptions of the craniofacial and oral findings of SMS exist in the literature, studies involving dental treatment requirements are quite limited. This study aims to present the oral and dental rehabilitation performed for the second time under general anesthesia in a 9-year-old pediatric patient diagnosed with Smith–Magenis syndrome during the mixed dentition period, who presented to our clinic with pain complaints, and to discuss the challenges of dental management of this rare syndrome in light of the literature.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge of oral and dental health (ODH) Program students, who are educated within a faculty of dentistry and will serve as dental clinical assistants in the future, regarding dental avulsion and its emergency management, and to examine whether this knowledge varies according to year of study. Methods: A dental avulsion questionnaire was administered face-to-face to 150 ODH Program students studying at Dicle University Faculty of Dentistry. Data were presented as frequency and percentage. Chi-square analysis was used to determine the relationships between groups. Results: Of the participants, 56.0% were female, and 44.0% were male. Although 93.3% of the students recognized avulsion as a dental emergency, the most frequently preferred transport medium was milk (36.0%). Differences between first- and secondyear students were observed in selected questionnaire items regarding emergency management. Conclusion: The present study showed that ODH Program students recognized avulsion as an emergency. However, they lacked technical knowledge, such as ideal storage conditions. Strengthening educational materials and the curriculum could improve clinical success.

AIM. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of pedodontists with that of the GPT-4.1 mini model, operating on the ChatGPT platform developed by OpenAI, in the diagnosis and treatment planning of traumatic dental injuries in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study was conducted using clinical and radiographic records of 18 pediatric patients aged 8–14 years who presented to the clinic with dental trauma, completed treatment successfully, and were followed for at least 12 months. Excluding avulsion cases, a total of 19 maxillary central incisors with different types of trauma were evaluated. Clinical findings and radiographic images for each tooth were digitized. The questionnaire used in this study was developed by expert pedodontists based on trauma types, diagnostic criteria, and treatment approaches outlined in the current American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) trauma guidelines, as well as the clinical procedures routinely applied in practice. Accordingly, a total of 36 multiple-choice questions were created (18 related to diagnosis and 18 to treatment planning). A pilot study involving five pediatric dentists was conducted to assess questionnaire clarity and administration time, and minor revisions were made accordingly. The prepared questions were individually submitted to GPT-4.1 mini, and the same questions were distributed to 17 pedodontists via Google Forms. The most recent AAPD dental trauma guideline (2020) was accepted as the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment comparisons. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. The level of agreement between GPT-4.1 mini and pedodontists was assessed using Cohen’s Kappa statistic, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the asymptotic (Wald) method. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS. A substantial level of agreement was observed between GPT-4.1 mini and pedodontists in diagnostic decisions (Kappa = 0.75; p < 0.001). Diagnostic agreement ranged from 50% in extrusion cases to 100% in intrusion, root fracture, lateral luxation, enamel fracture, and enamel-dentin fracture cases. Agreement for complicated crown-root fractures was 67%. Similarly, a substantial agreement was found between GPT-4.1 mini and pedodontists in treatment planning decisions (Kappa = 0.75; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION. In cases of traumatic dental injuries, when diagnosis and treatment processes are evaluated in accordance with current guidelines and individualized approaches, GPT-4.1 mini demonstrates a considerable level of agreement with pedodontists.

Çocuk diş hekimliği pratiği; biyomalzeme bilimindeki hızlı inovasyonlar, gelişen teknolojiler ve minimal invaziv tedavi felsefeleri doğrultusunda her geçen gün daha dinamik bir yapıya kavuşmaktadır. Klinik başarının anahtarı, geleneksel yöntemlerin ötesine geçerek hızla değişen bu materyal çeşitliliğini ve biyolojik yaklaşımları yakından takip etmekte gizlidir. Bu eser; çocuk diş hekimliğinde kullanılan güncel materyallerin teorik temellerini, klinik uygulama protokollerini ve geleceğin tedavi vizyonunu bir araya getiren kapsamlı bir rehber niteliğindedir. Geleceğimizin teminatı olan çocukların ağız ve diş sağlığını en üst düzeyde korumayı ve geliştirmeyi hedefleyen bu çalışma; klinisyen pedodontistler, akademisyenler ve genç araştırmacılar için güvenilir bir başvuru kaynağı olacaktır.