Demographic changes are influenced by various factors, and it is inevitable that the trends of depopulation and demographic aging have become more pronounced in Serbia in recent decades. However, the question arises whether there are notable differences between border municipalities and those not situated on the border. This paper analyzes the demographic indicators of settlements in six municipalities of Serbia, using data from the 2022 census. The study includes three municipalities from the interior of the country (Aranđelovac, Lazarevac, and Mladenovac) and three border municipalities (Bajina Bašta, Užice, and Čajetina). Special emphasis is placed on population aging. The methodological framework of the research involves a comparative statistical analysis of key demographic indicators: the aging index, average age of the population, coefficient of total dependence of the population and the share of women in the fertile age group within the total population. The aim of this paper is to identify the similarities and differences in demographic characteristics between border and interior municipalities, as well as to determine the extent to which unfavorable demographic trends are influenced by geographical location. The research results indicate that depopulation and demographic aging are more pronounced in border municipalities. In fact, half of the settlements in the border municipalities experienced a loss of over 20% of their population during the last inter-census period, while this was true for only 15% of the settlements in interior municipalities. Approximately 40% of settlements in interior municipalities have an average age around or below the national average (44 years), whereas only 7% of settlements in border municipalities share this characteristic. The other selected indicators favor interior municipalities, although it is important to emphasize that their demographic characteristics are also far from ideal. This study contributes to a better understanding of regional demographic disparities.

The River Lim, flowing through the municipalities of Montenegro, Serbia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, faces serious pollution and waste management issues, posing a threat to the ecosystem and local communities along its course. This paper explores the potential for cross-border cooperation among these countries aimed at enhancing environmental protection in the Lim River basin. Through an analysis of the current situation, the main sources of Lim River pollution are identified, including wastewater discharge into the river and the presence of illegal landfills along its banks. The emphasis is on finding effective strategies to reduce pollution and improve waste management. Proposed measures include improving waste collection and treatment infrastructure, strengthening legislation and enforcement to combat illegal waste dumping, and raising awareness about the importance of preserving water resources. It is crucial to establish coordinated action among the countries to achieve a more sustainable ecosystem along the Lim River. The aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of regional cooperation in environmental protection and provide specific guidelines for action to all relevant institutions, including governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, and local communities.

This paper deals with the research of the rich cultural and historical heritage of the municipality of Priboj, with special emphasis on the analysis of the most important landmarks and ambient units in that area. Through the examination of significant localities, including the medieval fortress Jagat, Mažići Monastery, St. Nicholas Church in Pribojska Banja, St. Archangel Michael Church in Polaće, as well as the ambient ensemble of the Old Bazaar, their role in preserving and promoting the historical heritage of the region is explored. Each of these localities represents key points of significance for understanding the cultural context of the municipality of Priboj, reflecting its rich history and diverse culture. Each of these localities represents key points of significance for understanding the cultural context of the municipality of Priboj, reflecting its rich history and diverse culture. In addition, the potential for tourism development at these sites is analyzed, emphasizing their importance as attractive destinations for tourists and visitors interested in exploring the history, architecture, and traditions of this region. By focusing on identifying the characteristics that make these sites special and unique, opportunities for the development of tourist routes, educational programs, and cultural events that would further promote tourism in Priboj are explored. Through the analysis of existing tourist resources and the identification of potential challenges, the paper examines strategies and recommendations for the improvement of tourism in the municipality of Priboj. This includes proposals for infrastructure investments, promotion of cultural events, and cooperation with local communities to preserve and enhance the cultural identity of this area. Through a comprehensive approach to researching the cultural and historical heritage of the municipality of Priboj, the aim of this paper is to provide deeper insights into its rich cultural legacy, as well as to highlight its importance for the local community. Additionally, it proposes concrete steps for enhancing tourism, thereby contributing to economic prosperity and sustainable development in this region.

This paper focuses on the identifi cation and analysis of terrain suitability for the installation of solar power plants within the territory of the Municipality of Priboj, using a multicriteria decision-making approach (GIS-BWM) based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Best-Worst Method (BWM). The research encompasses the analysis and evaluation of both natural and anthropogenic conditions within the selected local administrative unit. The applied methodological framework enables the identifi cation of the most suitable areas for the construction of solar facilities through the assessment of six criteria: aspect, slope, land use, distance from settlements, transportation infrastructure, and watercourses. Using the BWM, locations with the highest energy potential were identifi ed. The obtained results were classifi ed into fi ve suitability classes, depending on the degree of terrain appropriateness for photovoltaic panel installation. Given that the territory of the Municipality of Priboj is characterized by a relatively low amount of global horizontal irradiance, the results indicate that the majority of the area (57%) exhibits low suitability for solar panel installation, while as much as 11% of the municipal territory is completely unsuitable. The key fi nding of the study lies in the identifi cation of optimal locations covering only 10.1 km² (2%) of the total area, which meet all criteria for installation. The most signifi cant spatial potentials were identifi ed in the settlements of Krnjača, Kasidoli, Pribojska Goleša, and Pribojske Čelice. The results provide a precise basis for strategic spatial planning and the implementation of solar energy as a sustainable energy source within the Municipality of Priboj.

Enviromental pollution is one of the greatest global challenges of today, with serious consequences for both natural enviroment and the quality of life and health of people. Pljevlja, as an industrial city, has serious enviromental pollution issues. This paper presents the natural, microclimatic and anthropogenic factors contributing to pollution, with a special emphasis on the results of a survey conducted in Pljevlja, which examines the population's awareness of pollution, quality of life, as well as the problems and challenges it has been facing for many years. In addition to environmental problems, Pljevlja also faces a constant decline in population. In the context of a green and just energy transition, the paper raises important questions about the future of this mining town, the challenges it faces, and potential solutions that balance ecological, social and economic aspects.

This paper investigates the assessment and mapping of the spatial potential of the Pljevlja Municipality for the construction of photovoltaic solar power plants. This is of particular environmental and economic importance for this area, as it has traditionally always relied on coal exploitation. The methodological approach is based on the integration of GIS and multi-criteria analysis through the application of the Best–Worst Method. Key physical geographic and infrastructural criteria were considered: aspect and terrain slope, land use, distance from primary roads, settlements, and major watercourses. Environmentally sensitive and technically unsuitable areas, covering 33.7% of the municipality, were excluded from the analysis, while 47.7% of the territory was classified as low suitability. The results of the synthesis suitability map indicate that the Pljevlja Municipality possesses significant spatial resources for the development of solar power facilities. Specifically, areas with moderate suitability account for 17.4% of the territory, while zones with the optimal highest suitability cover 1.2%. Although the most favourable conditions occur across a relatively small part of the municipality, these areas represent strategically significant zones for photovoltaic development. The combination of high solar irradiation, flat terrain, and proximity to existing road infrastructure reduces overall investment costs. The obtained results and the generated GIS model provide a useful preliminary basis for local governments, spatial planners, and potential investors, enabling informed decision-making in the process of sustainable energy development and the diversification of the energy sector of the Municipality of Pljevlja.