Advances in plant nutrition have driven substantial progress in modern fertilization technologies. Nevertheless, excessive chemical fertilizer application, low nutrient-use efficiency, and the resulting environmental pollution remain widespread. We have reviewed the research progress and existing limitations in the field of plant nutrition and fertilization technology. Based on the traditional plant nutrition diagnosis and integrating visual diagnosis methods, this study explores the intrinsic relationship between plant growth status, nutrient supply conditions, and crop yield and proposed the concept of “status nutrition”. Variations in environmental nutrient conditions lead plants to exhibit distinct growth status in terms of vigor and phenotype. We define the plant nutritional status reflected by this growth status as “status nutrition”. Based on growth characteristics, plant growth status can be classified as weak, normal, or vigorous, corresponding to deficient, appropriate, and excessive environmental nutrient supply, respectively. Guided by this concept, an innovative rice “extremely dense planting” technology is integrated by increasing planting density, eliminating tiller-stage fertilization, and optimizing nitrogen management. The technology adapts to growth status with low nutrient demand, coordinates population growth and main-stem panicle formation, and achieves high yield with reduced fertilizer inputs. Further research is needed on the nutrient metabolism mechanisms of plants under different growth statuses and the growth status grading system. The promotion of “extremely dense planting” is constrained by crop variety traits and soil fertility, and its parameters urgently need to be optimized. Overall, the framework of “status nutrition” provides important theoretical support for the development and application of crop high-yield cultivation technologies.