Dredged soil treatment and reuse remain major economic and environmental challenges in geotechnical and highway engineering. Cement-based stabilization can effectively improve the engineering properties of dredged soil, but its large-scale use is associated with high material costs, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. In this study, a solid-waste-based binder composed of calcium carbide slag (CS), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and fly ash (FA) was developed as a potential cement alternative for stabilizing organic-rich dredged soil in road applications. Based on mortar-performance screening, a CS:GGBS:FA mass ratio of 0.25:0.50:0.25 was selected, and the road performance and durability of the resulting CS-GGBS-FA (CGF)-stabilized soil were systematically evaluated. Laboratory tests, including California bearing ratio (CBR), dynamic resilient modulus (M_R), wet–dry (W–D) cycling, and freeze–thaw (F−T) cycling, were conducted, with cement-stabilized soil used as a reference. The results showed that the CBR and M_R of the CGF-stabilized soil increased significantly with binder content and curing time, meeting the requirements for subgrade and subbase applications under different highway classes. Compared with cement-stabilized soil, the CGF-stabilized soil showed slightly lower CBR and M_R values at the same binder content but exhibited favorable strength retention and mass stability during W–D and F–T cycling. Overall, a CGF content of at least 8% provided sufficient strength, stiffness, and durability for road use.

Compacted cement-stabilized loess is widely used in civil infrastructure, yet existing strength models are often based on water-related variables and are difficult to transfer across different mechanical properties of unsaturated loess. This study develops a porosity-based modeling framework linking cement dosage, initial void state, and curing time to the mechanical response of compacted cement-stabilized loess. Three representative strength models were reformulated using cement volumetric content, void volumetric content, and their derived variables. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS), triaxial shear, California bearing ratio (CBR), static resilient modulus (M_R), and uniaxial consolidation tests were used to assess the formulations. The dual-power volumetric model provided the most consistent multi-property representation by separately accounting for cement volume and void volume. A normalized hyperbolic function effectively described curing-time evolution and was more physically consistent with long-term stabilization than the logarithmic form. UCS-derived parameters were directly transferable to cohesion (c), whereas internal friction angle (φ) and M_R required recalibration or baseline correction; CBR transferability was promising under fixed standard compaction. A literature-based generalized hyperbolic relationship further captured normalized UCS development across different loess sources. The proposed framework links material composition, compacted void state, and curing history to mechanical performance, providing a basis for performance-oriented assessment of cement-stabilized loess. The present results are based primarily on laboratory-prepared specimens, and further validation using independent field data is required before broader engineering application.