Introduction: The aim of the study was to report the implementation of a functional network for the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with risk factors and the coordinated work between primary and specialized care in social security in Perú. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the data of patients evaluated in a health network in the city of Lima (2013 to 2016), older than 18 years, with risk factors for CKD, evaluated with serum creatinine and creatine albumin ratio in random urine (ACR). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with the finding of CKD. Results: The implementation included training in renal health, installation of a digital database, organization of laboratories, and empowerment of primary care. We evaluated 42,746 patients of which 41.8% were men, with median age 69.2 years. The most frequent cause of detection was hypertension (HBP): 23,921 (55.9%). The prevalence of CKD was 12,132 (28.4%), the most frequent stage of CKD was 3a: 4735 (39.0%). Of the total, 6214 (14.5%) patients had microalbuminuria and 1335 (3.1%), macroalbuminuria. The risk of CKD increased 2.5 times (95% CI: 2.3-2.7) in patients with diabetes (DM) and HBP, in men (OR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.2-1.3) and as age increased (> 77 years: OR 2.7, 95% CI: 2.5-2.8). The identification of the disease in the primary care setting is 60% less likely than in specialized care. Conclusions: One of every four patients are diagnosed with CKD, and the simultaneous diagnosis of DM and HBP and old age are the most important factors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of adherence to a multidisciplinary renal health program in reducing mortality and progression to hemodialysis. METHODS: We used a database that included patient monitoring (2013-2017), dialysis admissions and all cause of mortality in Peru. Adherence to the program was established by meeting minimum visits during the first year of monitoring. The outcome of interest was hemodialysis admissions or all cause-mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves, Log-Rank test and competing survival analysis methods were used to estimate the differential risk between adherent and non-adherent patients. RESULTS: A total of 20,354 participants was evaluated; 54.1% were male, 72.1 years old in average, 2.2 years average follow-up, and 15,279 (75.1%) belonged to the early stages (1 to 3a) of Chronic Kidney Disease. Adherence decreased the risk of renal replacement therapy in 41.0% (HR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.41–0.85) in the low-risk group and mortality in the high-risk group was 31.0% (HR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.57–0.83). CONCLUSIONS: The multidisciplinary care strategy with standardized assessments by stage is effective in reducing admission to .0when the patient is identified in early stages and in reducing mortality in advanced stages.

El presente artículo resume la guía de práctica clínica (GPC) para tamizaje, diagnóstico y manejo de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en los estadios 1 al 3 en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud). Para el desarrollo de esta GPC, se conformó un grupo elaborador de la guía (GEG) que incluyó especialistas clínicos y metodólogos, el cual formuló ocho preguntas clínicas. Para responder cada pregunta se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de revisiones sistemáticas y, cuando fue considerado pertinente, de estudios primarios; y se seleccionó la evidencia pertinente. La certeza de la evidencia fue evaluada usando la metodología Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). En reuniones periódicas, el GEG usó la metodología GRADE para revisar la evidencia y emitir las recomendaciones. Se emitieron ocho recomendaciones (cuatro fuertes y cuatro condicionales), 29 puntos de buena práctica clínica, y tres flujogramas.

Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease have a higher risk of severe disease and mortality from COVID-19 than the general population. Objective: To compare hospitalization and mortality rates during the pandemic among chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and the general population in Lima (Peru). Methods: This retrospective cohort included an assessment of the database of chronic HD patients of the health service providers of the social health insurance benefit networks of Lima and Callao between 2019 and 2021. Hospitalization and mortality rates were obtained for every 1,000 individuals, and variations in the percentages of COVID-19 cases and deaths were calculated. These rates were compared with those of the general population data and standardized by age and sex. Results: An average of 3,937 chronic HD patients were evaluated each month. Of these, 4.8% had COVID-19 and 64.97% were mild cases. The hospitalization rates per 1,000 patients were 19.5, 29.28, and 36.7 in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. The mortality rates per 1,000 patients were 5.9, 9.74, and 11.49 in 2019, 2020, and 2021, respectively. When compared to the standardized general population, the peaks of both rates coincided with the plateaus of the waves during the pandemic. The hospitalization rate for COVID-19 was 12 times higher in HD patients than in the general population, and the mortality rate for COVID-19 was twice as high. Conclusion: HD patients had higher hospitalization and standardized mortality rates than the general population. Peaks in hospitalizations and mortality coincided with the plateaus of the first and second waves of the pandemic.

Objetivos. Describir las características de la población con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) estadio 3 y 4, determinar los factores asociados a progresión de ERC y a ingreso a terapia de reemplazo renal (TRR), así como la sobrevida renal. Materiales y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo longitudinal de pacientes remitidos entre enero de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 a la Unidad de Salud Renal del Hospital Nacional de Edgardo Rebagliati Martins (HNERM), quienes fueron evaluados y seguidos por un equipo multidisciplinario. Los datos clínicos y de laboratorio de cada consulta se registraron en un software creado específicamente para el programa. Se realizó un análisis de regresión logística multivariado para evaluar los factores asociados con la progresión de la ERC, un modelo de regresión de Cox para predecir el riesgo de ingresar al TRR y el método de Kaplan-Meier para el análisis de supervivencia renal. Resultados. Se evaluó a 1248 pacientes en estadio 3A: 248 (20%), estadio 3b: 548 (44%) y estadio 4: 452 (36%). 352 (28%) progresaron, siendo la proteinuria el factor de progresión más importante (OR: 3,2; IC95%: 2,2-4,6). La proteinuria incrementa el riesgo de ingreso a la TRR en cuatro veces y el tener una tasa de filtración glomerular <30% en 3,6 veces. La mediana de seguimiento fue de 12 meses (RIC 5-27 meses). 92 pacientes (7%) requirieron iniciar TRR. La supervivencia renal a los 12 meses de seguimiento fue del 96% y a los 24 meses de 90%. Conclusiones. Nuestro estudio muestra que en un centro especializado una proporción significativa de pacientes con ERC no progresa en su enfermedad y que el factor que más se asocia a progresión de enfermedad y a inicio de TRR es la proteinuria.