Oxidative stress, a state resulting from an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant capacity, is a significant contributor to the development of various human pathologies, including malignancies, cardiovascular conditions, neurodegenerative disorders, and the aging process. Antioxidants, both enzymatic and non-enzymatic, are vital in neutralizing free radicals and protecting against cellular damage. Given the limitations of synthetic antioxidants, such as potential toxicity and variable effectiveness, there has been a growing focus on biotechnological methods for producing these essential compounds. This review, titled “Engineering Antioxidants with Pharmacological Applications: Biotechnological Perspectives”, explores the latest developments in this field by examining how biological systems are being utilized to create a wide range of antioxidants. We discuss key production strategies, including the use of microbial cell factories, enzyme-driven synthesis, plant cell cultures, and metabolic engineering. The review provides specific examples of biotechnologically derived antioxidants, such as enzymatic defenses like superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, as well as non-enzymatic molecules like carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins. We also evaluate the therapeutic potential of these bio-engineered antioxidants, analyzing preclinical and clinical data on their effectiveness in disease prevention and treatment. The mechanisms by which these compounds combat oxidative stress are also discussed. Finally, we address the current hurdles in scaling up production and managing costs while also outlining future research avenues, such as the creation of new production systems, advanced delivery technologies, and the discovery of novel antioxidant compounds through bioprospecting and synthetic biology. This comprehensive review highlights the potential of biotechnology to offer sustainable and impactful solutions for managing oxidative stress and enhancing overall health.

Dermocosmetic products for chronic inflammatory and barrier-impaired skin conditions sit in an underexamined space between cosmetics and pharmaceutical care: widely marketed, yet what actually drives their formulation is rarely made explicit or checked against evidence-based standards. This study analyzes 73 products across six major indications involving chronic inflammatory and barrier-impaired skin conditions, with ingredient composition data extracted directly from product packaging and manufacturer documentation and analyzed using ingredient-level profiling and benchmarking against current dermatology guidelines. The results identify a stable, shared formulation core across product categories, with distinct therapeutic adaptations layered on top: ceramide-rich barrier support in atopic dermatitis, mechanism-specific actives distinguishing psoriasis, rosacea and wound-healing formulas. Guideline comparison surfaces both strong alignment and specific gaps, including under-used, well-evidenced ingredients in xerosis products and guideline-flagged irritants present in sensitive-skin formulations. Together, these findings offer manufacturers a validated formulation baseline and a way to spot genuine innovation gaps, give clinicians a mechanism-based reference for product selection and help consumers gain a clearer, evidence-anchored basis for evaluating products in an increasingly crowded and claims-saturated market. The methodology is designed for reuse, offering a practical foundation for evidence-based advancement across formulation, clinical practice and product choice in dermocosmetics.