Pseudoaneurysms are commonly experienced vascular abnormalities. The increase in the number of surgical and arteriographic procedures has caused a higher prevalence of pseudoaneurysms. Conventional angiography is still the gold standard method for diagnosis, but other imaging modalities such as duplex Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomographic angiography are useful in noninvasive detection. Over the past few years, interventional radiological treatment has evolved and taken the place of surgery in management. There are different kinds of percutaneous and endovascular treatment methods in pseudoaneurysm management. Treatment options depend on certain conditions. We used a case-based approach to discuss pseudoaneurysms and their appropriate treatment by interventional radiological methods in this article.

Purpose: Our aim was to evaluate the performance of clot-based radiomics features (RFs) for predicting first pass effect (FPE) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The secondary purpose was to search for any other variables associated with FPE. Materials and methods: Patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for anterior circulation large vessel stroke in a single center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups: FPE and non-FPE. Two observers extracted RFs from the clot on pretreatment noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) images. Demographic, clinical, periprocedural, and RFs were compared between the groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of FPE. Results: Fifty-two patients (27 female, 25 male; mean age 64.50 ± 15.15) who were treated by stent retrievers as the first option were included in the study. FPE was achieved in 25 patients (25/52, 48.1%). Twelve RFs were significantly different between patients with FPE and non-FPE. The long-run low gray-level emphasis (odds ratio = 44.24, p = 0.003) and the zone percentage (odds ratio = 16.88, p = 0.017) were found as independent predictors of FPE. Female sex and a baseline ASPECT score of >8.5 were the other independent variables to predict FPE. The diagnostic accuracy to predict FPE was observed as 83% when using all independent predictors in our predictive model. Conclusions: Clot-based RFs on NCCT may help to estimate the success of the intended outcome of MT in patients with AIS.

The platelet–lymphocyte ratio, which was reported to have a strong relationship with chronic inflammation and thrombosis, is a useful biomarker. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the platelet–lymphocyte ratio, arteriovenous stenosis, and thrombosis in patients with chronic renal failure. Patients who were referred to our interventional radiology department due to arteriovenous fistula dysfunction from dialysis units between August 2015 and December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. In the study, 95 patients with arteriovenous fistula access problems were included. Patients were divided into two groups: stenosis (n = 52) and thrombosis (n = 43). Thirty-six subjects with a patent left radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula proven by both color Doppler ultrasonography and clinically were added to the control group. Blood samples were obtained on the same day before the fistulography. Platelet counts, lymphocyte counts, and platelet–lymphocyte ratio were found to be significantly different between the three groups. After the Bonferroni post hoc analysis, there was a significant difference between the stenosis and control group (p = 0.017), and the thrombosis and control group (p < 0.001) in terms of the platelet–lymphocyte ratio. No significant difference for any parameter was found between stenosis and thrombosis group. High levels of the platelet–lymphocyte ratio may be a supportive finding of arteriovenous fistula stenosis and thrombosis and can be taken into consideration during hemodialysis-dependent patients’ follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the MRI-based texture analysis (TA) of the basal ganglia and thalami to distinguish moderate-to-severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from mild HIE in neonates. Methods: This study included 68 neonates (15 with mild, 20 with moderate-to-severe HIE, and 33 control) were born at 37 gestational weeks or later and underwent MRI in first 10 days after birth. The basal ganglia and thalami were delineated for TA on the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, T 1-, and T 2 weighted images. The basal ganglia, thalami, and the posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC) were also evaluated visually on diffusion-weighted imaging and T 1 weighted sequence. Receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic regression analyses were used. Results: Totally, 56 texture features for the basal ganglia and 46 features for the thalami were significantly different between the HIE groups on the ADC maps, T 2-, and T 2 weighted sequences. Using a Histogram_entropy log-10 value as >1.8 from the basal ganglia on the ADC maps (p < 0.001; OR, 266) and the absence of hyperintensity of the PLIC on T 1 weighted images (p = 0.012; OR, 17.11) were found as independent predictors for moderate-to-severe HIE. Using only a Histogram_entropy log-10 value had an equal diagnostic yield when compared to its combination with other texture features and imaging findings. Conclusion: The Histogram_entropy log-10 value can be used as an indicator to differentiate from moderate-to-severe to mild HIE. Advances in knowledge: MRI-based TA may provide quantitative findings to indicate different stages in neonates with perinatal asphyxia.

Purpose: Scoliosis is described as a lateral curvature of the spine. We aimed to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with scoliosis by using quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and compare the BMD of idiopathic and congenital scoliosis patients.Material and methods: Forty-three patients aged 1 to 40 years with idiopathic, congenital, or neuromuscular scoliosis and 41 matched controls of the same sex and approximate age were included in the study. Measurements of BMD were performed by QCT analysis for each vertebral body from T12 to L5, and mean BMD was calculated for each case.Results: Twenty-two of the patients with scoliosis were idiopathic, 15 were congenital, four were neuromuscular, and two were neurofibromatosis. The mean BMD values of patients with scoliosis were significantly lower compared with the control group (106.8 ± 33.4 mg/cm3 vs. 124.9 ± 29.1 mg/cm3, p = 0.009). No significant difference in BMD values was found between idiopathic and congenital scoliosis patients (p > 0.05).Conclusions: This study illustrated that the vertebral body BMD values of the patients with scoliosis were significantly lower than those seen in the control group.