Limited systematic understanding of the applications, impacts, and challenges of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in the business environment, despite growing interest in its implementation. In response, this literature review article explores in a critical and structured manner the role of GAI in enterprise digital transformation. To do so, a comprehensive search was conducted in academic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, selecting research published between 2018 and 2023 that analyzes practical applications, organizational impacts, and ethical challenges of AGI. The results show that this technology has been effective in three key areas: automated content generation, data-driven decision support, and improved customer experience. However, relevant challenges are also identified, such as the generation of inaccurate information, algorithmic biases, technological barriers and integration difficulties with corporate systems. In conclusion, it highlights the need for a strategic and ethical adoption of GGI, supported by technological capabilities, specialized talent and regulatory frameworks that guarantee its responsible, sustainable and inclusive use.

El cambio climático intensifica la ocurrencia de inundaciones junto a sequías, afectando de manera desproporcionada a los países en desarrollo, evidenciando la necesidad de fortalecer estrategias de adaptación en contextos urbanos y rurales. Este estudio tuvo como propósito identificar y sistematizar las medidas de adaptación implementadas frente a estos eventos extremos mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Se desarrolló una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo–analítico, basada en la declaración PRISMA 2020, que incluyó artículos científicos publicados entre 2021 y 2025. Los resultados muestran una amplia diversidad de medidas de adaptación, destacando la combinación de infraestructura, soluciones basadas en la naturaleza y gobernanza comunitaria como enfoques con mayor recurrencia de la mano de efectividad reportada. Se concluye que la adaptación climática efectiva requiere estrategias integrales, contextualizadas, diferenciadas según el territorio, y sustentadas en evidencia científica que apoye la planificación resiliente en la toma de decisiones en países en desarrollo.

The present research critically analyzes cybersecurity strategies implemented in hybrid and remote work environments, motivated by the accelerated digital transformation following the COVID-19 pandemic, which has increased attack surfaces and weakened traditional security models. Using an exploratory literature review approach, scientific articles and technical papers published between 2018 and 2024, especially those after 2020, selected from databases such as Scopus and Web of Science, were collected and classified. Among the main findings, the effectiveness of Zero Trust architecture, based on continuous verification and contextual control, and cloud security tools such as SASE, EDR and CASB, which allow flexible and scalable protection, are highlighted. In addition, decisive organizational factors such as continuous staff training and a strong security culture as well as adaptive governance frameworks aligned with international standards are identified. The research concludes that the effectiveness of cybersecurity strategies does not depend solely on technology, but on their integration with robust organizational processes, committed leadership and dynamic policies, enabling organizations to successfully meet the challenges of the decentralized digital ecosystem.

The strategies for a Territorial Model for the Sancán Commune, located in Jipijapa Canton, Ecuador, arise in response to the challenges faced by this rural community. With an economy based on agriculture, livestock and the production of corn and yucca tortillas as the main sources of economic livelihood, the commune faces a lack of basic services such as an efficient waste collection system, limited access to potable water, sewerage and adequate road infrastructure. These problems, together with agroeconomic challenges, limit the development and well-being of its inhabitants. The methodology used to design these strategies included a territorial analysis, surveys and diagnosis based on primary and secondary sources. These data were used to identify key areas to intervene and promote balanced development. Solutions are proposed to optimize infrastructure, strengthen the local economy and ensure the efficient use of natural resources, contributing to economic self-sufficiency and environmental preservation. The approach is to guarantee an equitable future for the community of Sancán, integrating environmental, social and economic aspects to ensure long-term sustainability.

Ecuador is a country exposed to multiple geological hazards, including landslides, which especially affect communities settled in areas with steep slopes, unstable soils and limited urban planning. In this context, the San José neighborhood of Montecristi presents a combination of physical and socioeconomic factors that significantly increase its vulnerability. Previous studies have shown that the identification of vulnerability allows the design of more effective mitigation strategies. To evaluate this problem, the INDECI (2006) methodology was applied using a documentary and descriptive approach, complemented by surveys of the sector's inhabitants. The objective was to determine the level of global vulnerability and to analyze the correlation between different dimensions: social, economic, physical, environmental, institutional, ecological and scientific-technological. The results reveal a high level of overall vulnerability, with a marked exposure to the unfavorable effects of landslides. The dimensions evaluated revealed both positive and negative correlations between social, economic, environmental and political factors, which shows the complexity of risk management in vulnerable areas. In conclusion, it is essential to implement comprehensive strategies that consider the interaction between the different dimensions in which educational, political and community efforts are integrated to reduce the impact of landslides.

Climate change is a critical challenge for cities, which are responsible for more than 70% of greenhouse gas emissions. This study reviews mitigation strategies in sustainable cities, analyzing technological solutions, public policies and governance. Through a literature review in Scopus and Web of Science, strategies such as green infrastructure, energy transition and sustainable mobility are identified, highlighting their effectiveness in reducing emissions. However, implementation faces barriers such as insufficient financing and political resistance. Regulatory policies, such as carbon taxes and energy efficiency regulations, have proven to be useful, but require greater integration with citizen participation. It is concluded that climate change mitigation in cities requires a comprehensive approach based on technology, regulation and participatory governance to achieve resilient and sustainable urban environments.