Photovoltaic (PV) water-supply pumping is an established and cost-effective solution for autonomous water supply in rural areas. However, recent studies typically treat the borehole water level as a fixed boundary condition, evaluate designs against a typical meteorological year, and rarely account for component degradation or extreme-year weather stress over the project lifetime. This study proposes a multi-objective sizing and operation framework for an autonomous bifacial photovoltaic (bPV) water-supply pumping system, coupling dynamic borehole hydraulics, battery and water storage, and component degradation within a consistent evaluation chain from optimization through life-cycle post-verification. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) drives the optimization loop, typical and extreme meteorological-year scenarios screen water-service reliability, and, following life-cycle post-verification, the VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) procedure with hybrid analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–entropy weights and Monte Carlo testing of the criterion weights selects the final compromise design. In the reference workflow, the NSGA-III run comprised 6480 objective-function evaluations; subsequent typical-year, extreme-year, and life-cycle screening retained 100 feasible designs; the selected configuration achieved a levelized cost of water of 0.0675 USD/m³, a specific energy consumption of 0.238 kWh/m³, and an aggregate life-cycle water-shortage percentage of 0.204%. The results show that dynamic-head representation and life-cycle screening materially affect the selected capacity–cost–reliability trade-off and the post-verified feasible set, providing a reproducible basis for autonomous rural water-supply design.

An analysis of the renewable energy sources potential in Vietnam has shown that the energy balance in the context of energy transition can be transformed and include solar, wind, hydrogenation, as well as biomass energy production. The purpose of the study is to develop a methodological approach to a comprehensive feasibility study of renewable energy sources, considering their competition, and substantiate the prospects for developing low-carbon energy in Vietnam. The subject of the study is various technical, economic, social, and environmental parameters of renewable energy sources. A methodology has been developed for a comprehensive feasibility study of renewable energy sources, including the statistical data collection and analysis, basic technologies analysis, and the hierarchy method for predicting the energy balance structure. It has been established that, according to the technical characteristics, small hydroelectric power plants and biomass-based generation are the most mature and efficient, solar generation is the least expensive and most effective type according to economic indicators, all types of renewable energy are comparable and supported by the public according to environmental criteria, and biomass energy production significantly loses, while other types of generation are comparable. The study results showed the role of renewable energy sources in Vietnam’s energy strategy and priorities in their development in terms of the competitiveness of various types of renewable energy sources. The study results can be used to plan the energy balance structure and select government support measures for the energy sector.