Cristobal Alexander Leyton Urzua

Mr. Cristobal Alexander Leyton Urzua

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Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

1Year (2026-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

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1 November 2026 in Minerals
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Journal Article
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CUCristobal Alexander Leyton Urzua
Cristobal Alexander Leyton Urzua
Juan M. SepúlvedaJuan M. Sepúlveda
Juan M. Sepúlveda
VMVinka Dalia Monardes
Vinka Dalia Monardes
Ivan DerpichIvan Derpich
Ivan Derpich
MHMelisa Herrera
Melisa Herrera
APAndrea Espinoza Pérez
Andrea Espinoza Pérez
The mining industry generates substantial volumes of operational waste, including lubricant oils, lead-acid batteries, steel scrap, and end-of-life tires (ELTs). Their valorization is increasingly required under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) frameworks, but Centre for Innovation in Technology and Design of Materials for the Built Environment—CIMAC_ANID CTI250005 investment decisions are constrained by limited capital and competing sustainability objectives. This study proposes a dynamic Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to optimize a multi-waste valorization investment portfolio for the copper industry. The model maximizes Net Present Value (NPV) over a multi-period horizon while satisfying EPR targets, capital constraints, and sustainability requirements. Using the ε-constraint method, it quantifies trade-offs between economic performance and social value by incorporating permanent local employment as a binding constraint. Applied to a single case study of a Chilean SX–EW plant, the model selects an Oil Filtration Plant, a Scrap Recycling Yard, and an ELT Pyrolysis Plant, achieving a maximum NPV of USD 5.363 million. Sensitivity analysis of the employment target identifies three decision zones: up to 18 jobs, the target is not binding and the NVP-optimal portfolio is unchanged; between 19 and 26 jobs, the Battery Processing Plant must also be built, reducing NPV by approximately USD 0.49 million (9%); above 26 jobs, the problem becomes infeasible. The framework integrates economic, environmental, and social dimensions, providing a decision-support tool for EPR compliance and sustainable waste valorization planning.