Background. Anxiety disorders are common mental health conditions associated with impairment, avoidance behaviour and sensitivity to physiological arousal. Although treatment relies mainly on psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, exercise is increasingly considered supportive. Aim. This review analyses exercise as an adjunctive intervention for anxiety disorders, with emphasis on aerobic exercise, resistance training, mind-body practices and exercise combined with cognitive behavioural therapy. Material and methods. Literature from 2017–2026 was prioritized using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, guidelines and observational studies on exercise and anxiety symptoms in adults were included. Results. Exercise may reduce anxiety symptoms, although effects depend on activity type, patient characteristics, supervision and adherence. Aerobic exercise appears most applicable because it is accessible and adaptable. Exercise combined with cognitive behavioural therapy may support behavioural activation and exposure to bodily sensations, especially in panic symptoms or high anxiety sensitivity. Resistance training and mind-body exercise may be useful, although evidence is less consistent. Conclusions. Exercise should not replace psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy but may serve as an adjunctive component of anxiety treatment. Further research should clarify optimal protocols, intensity, adherence and safety.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a clinically important cluster of cardiometabolic abnormalities, including central obesity, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Because these disturbances are strongly influenced by chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress and lifestyle-related risk factors, interest has grown in adjunctive nutritional strategies, including curcumin supplementation. Aim: This review aimed to evaluate current clinical evidence on curcumin supplementation in metabolic syndrome and related cardiometabolic disorders, with particular attention to its potential role in prevention-oriented healthcare. Material and Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Studies published between 2008 and 2025 were considered, with priority given to randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A total of 25 studies were included. Results: The strongest evidence concerns glycemic and inflammatory outcomes. Meta-analyses report reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and C-reactive protein, while effects on lipid profile and anthropometric indices appear more variable and generally modest. Enhanced-bioavailability formulations may produce stronger effects, but they also complicate comparison between studies and raise additional safety considerations. Conclusions: Curcumin may be considered a potentially useful adjunct to lifestyle-based prevention and cardiometabolic risk management. However, it should not be presented as an alternative to established interventions. Larger, longer and better-standardized randomized trials are needed before firm clinical recommendations can be made.

Background. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are major contributors to global cardiometabolic morbidity and mortality. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in individuals with obesity and has been implicated in adverse metabolic regulation. However, evidence regarding the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in improving obesity-related outcomes remains inconsistent. Aim. The aim of this review was to assess current evidence regarding the effects of vitamin D supplementation on obesity and its metabolic complications. Review methods A narrative literature review was conducted using electronic searches of the PubMed database, supplemented by reports from the World Health Organization and other peer-reviewed sources. Preference was given to systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and high-quality observational studies published in English between 2010 and 2024. Results. Evidence from randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses consistently demonstrates that vitamin D supplementation increases serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in individuals with overweight and obesity. However, its effects on obesity-related metabolic outcomes remain limited and inconsistent. Most studies report no significant improvements in insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, blood pressure, or overall body weight. Some trials have observed modest reductions in body fat mass, body mass index, or waist circumference. Small improvements in selected lipid parameters and inflammatory biomarkers have also been reported, although these findings are not consistently replicated. Potential metabolic benefits appear more pronounced in individuals with baseline vitamin D deficiency. Conclusions. Current evidence does not support vitamin D supplementation as an effective standalone therapy for obesity or its major metabolic complications. Its clinical role appears primarily adjunctive, particularly in individuals with confirmed vitamin D deficiency.

Background/Objectives: In 2020, a clinical score to predict the risk of cerebral vein thrombosis was published. The score classifies patients into risk categories: low (5 points). The low-risk result of the score combined with D-dimer level could potentially exclude cerebral vein thrombosis. The main aim of our study was to assess utility of the score in a group of patients with confirmed cerebral vein thrombosis in a real-world setting. Methods: A retrospective assessment of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cerebral vein thrombosis admitted to a department of neurology was performed. Data on patients’ demographics and medical history, including the components of the score, were collected. Based on the inclusion criteria from the original publication, the number of patients eligible and ineligible for using the score was calculated. Next, the patients were assessed with the score. Results: Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed cerebral vein thrombosis were included. Twenty-three (62%) were eligible according to the inclusion criteria of the original study. The sensitivity of the score alone for this group was 52% at a cutoff of three points, and in combination with D-dimer level it was 92%. Two patients were classified as low-risk according to the score and had low D-dimer level. In the remaining symptomatic patients, the score had a sensitivity of 44% without D-dimer testing, and 89% with D-dimer. D-dimer level alone had a sensitivity of 87% and 67%, respectively. Conclusions: The score in combination with D-dimer level had higher sensitivity than D-dimer testing alone. However, the score combined with D-dimer level could not exclude cerebral vein thrombosis in the low-risk patients.

Background. Burnout among healthcare workers is associated with impaired well-being, workforce retention, and quality of care. Physical activity may support recovery, but its role in burnout prevention remains uncertain.Aim. To synthesize current evidence on physical activity and burnout-related outcomes among healthcare workers.Material and methods. A narrative review of systematic reviews, observational and intervention studies, and selected guidelines was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library.Results. Observational studies generally reported more favorable burnout-related outcomes among physically active healthcare workers, particularly for emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, although findings were inconsistent. Evidence for professional efficacy or personal accomplishment was limited. Intervention studies showed more consistent improvements in stress and sleep than in burnout itself. Predominantly cross-sectional designs and substantial heterogeneity limited causal interpretation and prevented identification of an optimal exercise type or dose.Conclusions. Physical activity may be a feasible recovery-oriented element of multilevel strategies addressing burnout-related outcomes. Programs should be voluntary, accessible, compatible with shift work, and implemented alongside organizational measures addressing workload, staffing, leadership, and recovery opportunities.