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I. Angulo
Department of Applied Mathematics, Bilbao Faculty of Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48013 Bilbao, Spain

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Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Electronics
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Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) filters are one of the main solutions for dealing with the disturbances generated by power inverters. However, they show series/parallel resonances that introduce variations in the impedance seen from the grid. Consequently, in some cases, these filters have low impedances at resonance frequencies, which can affect Narrowband Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) due to notching effects. For that reason, the potential effects of four EMC filters on NB-PLC have been studied. Laboratory trials in a controlled environment have been carried out, in which the attenuation and the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) thresholds that define the communication’s quality have been studied. The results presented in this paper show that, although the variations of the channel frequency response are not selective enough to degrade the communication thresholds, the attenuation measured when the filter is connected near the receiver might be sufficiently high to be critical for the communications in some situations. Therefore, EMC filters might have a negative impact on NB-PLC that had not been previously considered.

ACS Style

Jon González-Ramos; Itziar Angulo; Igor Fernández; Amaia Arrinda; David De La Vega. Characterization of the Potential Effects of EMC Filters for Power Converters on Narrowband Power Line Communications. Electronics 2021, 10, 152 .

AMA Style

Jon González-Ramos, Itziar Angulo, Igor Fernández, Amaia Arrinda, David De La Vega. Characterization of the Potential Effects of EMC Filters for Power Converters on Narrowband Power Line Communications. Electronics. 2021; 10 (2):152.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jon González-Ramos; Itziar Angulo; Igor Fernández; Amaia Arrinda; David De La Vega. 2021. "Characterization of the Potential Effects of EMC Filters for Power Converters on Narrowband Power Line Communications." Electronics 10, no. 2: 152.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Narrowband (NB) powerline communication (PLC) is extensively adopted by utilities for the communication in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) systems. PLC technology needs to overcome channel disturbances present in certain grid segments. This study analyzes improvement proposals of the physical layer of the main narrowband PLC technologies approved by international communication organizations that are currently deployed in Europe: Powerline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) 1.3.6, PRIME 1.4, and G3-PLC, in order to improve PLC performance under channel disturbances. This thorough study is based on simulations carried out by an innovative ad hoc Virtual PLC Lab, developed by the authors, applied in replicable, fully-automated, and cost reduced test scenarios. The analysis is performed by applying standardized test methods and metrics, and by evaluating the influence of a set of representative channel disturbances defined by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) and selected noises generated by distributed energy resources (DER) in normal operation. PLC performance improvements in terms of equalizer curve fitting, error correction codes, and noisy subcarrier suppression mechanisms are presented. The performance gain due to each physical improvement proposal is accurately measured and compared under the same conditions in a replicable and automated test environment in order to evaluate the use of the proposals in the evolution of future PLC technologies.

ACS Style

Asier Llano; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega; Laura Marron. Virtual PLC Lab Enabled Physical Layer Improvement Proposals for PRIME and G3-PLC Standards. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 1777 .

AMA Style

Asier Llano, Itziar Angulo, David De La Vega, Laura Marron. Virtual PLC Lab Enabled Physical Layer Improvement Proposals for PRIME and G3-PLC Standards. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (5):1777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Llano; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega; Laura Marron. 2020. "Virtual PLC Lab Enabled Physical Layer Improvement Proposals for PRIME and G3-PLC Standards." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5: 1777.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2019 in Electronics
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The paper presents and evaluates three advanced methods for the characterization of the low-voltage (LV) grid access impedance for the frequency range assigned to Narrow Band-Power Line Communications (NB-PLC): 9 kHz to 500 kHz. This study responds to the recent demand from both regulatory bodies and Distribution System Operators about the need for accurate and validated methods for this frequency band, due to the limited knowledge of the impedance values in the electrical grid and their influence on NB-PLC transmission channels. In this paper, the results of a collaborative work to develop different proposals to overcome the challenges for the proper characterization of the frequency and time-varying grid impedance, from different theoretical approaches, are presented. The methods are compared in a controlled and isolated scenario: the impedance characterization of passive filters. Then, the results are validated two-fold: first, against theoretical simulations, based on the schematics provided by the manufacturer, and second, against the measurement results of a precision impedance meter, used as a reference of accuracy. The results demonstrate a high degree of precision of the three proposals to characterize the access impedance of the LV grid.

ACS Style

Igor Fernández; David De La Vega; Dominique Roggo; Robert Stiegler; Lino Capponi; Itziar Angulo; Jan Meyer; Amaia Arrinda. Comparison of Measurement Methods of LV Grid Access Impedance in the Frequency Range Assigned to Nb‑Plc Technologies. Electronics 2019, 8, 1155 .

AMA Style

Igor Fernández, David De La Vega, Dominique Roggo, Robert Stiegler, Lino Capponi, Itziar Angulo, Jan Meyer, Amaia Arrinda. Comparison of Measurement Methods of LV Grid Access Impedance in the Frequency Range Assigned to Nb‑Plc Technologies. Electronics. 2019; 8 (10):1155.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Fernández; David De La Vega; Dominique Roggo; Robert Stiegler; Lino Capponi; Itziar Angulo; Jan Meyer; Amaia Arrinda. 2019. "Comparison of Measurement Methods of LV Grid Access Impedance in the Frequency Range Assigned to Nb‑Plc Technologies." Electronics 8, no. 10: 1155.

Journal article
Published: 18 September 2019 in Electronics
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The paper describes the results of a measurement campaign to characterize the non-intentional emissions (NIE) that are present in the low voltage section of the electrical grid, within the frequency range assigned to narrowband power line communications (NB-PLC), from 20 kHz to 500 kHz. These NIE may severely degrade the quality of the communications and, in some cases, even isolate the transmission devices. For this reason, the identification and characterization of these perturbations are important aspects for the proper performance of the smart grid services based on PLC. The proper characterization of NIE in this frequency range is a key aspect for the selection of efficient configurations to find the best trade-off between data throughput and robustness, or even for the definition of new improved error detection and correction methods. The huge number of types of NIE, together with the wide variety of grid topologies and loads distribution (density and location of homes and industrial facilities) are great challenges that complicate the thorough characterization of NIE. This work contributes with results from field trials in different scenarios, the identification of different types of NIE and the characterization both in time and frequency domains of all the registered disturbances. This contribution will be helpful for a better knowledge of the electrical grid as a transmission medium for PLC and, therefore, for evaluating the appropriateness of different robustness techniques to be applied in the next generation of smart grid services.

ACS Style

Igor Fernández; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda; Itziar Angulo; Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Asier Llano. Field Trials for the Characterization of Non-Intentional Emissions at Low-Voltage Grid in the Frequency Range Assigned to NB-PLC Technologies. Electronics 2019, 8, 1044 .

AMA Style

Igor Fernández, David De La Vega, Amaia Arrinda, Itziar Angulo, Noelia Uribe-Pérez, Asier Llano. Field Trials for the Characterization of Non-Intentional Emissions at Low-Voltage Grid in the Frequency Range Assigned to NB-PLC Technologies. Electronics. 2019; 8 (9):1044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Fernández; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda; Itziar Angulo; Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Asier Llano. 2019. "Field Trials for the Characterization of Non-Intentional Emissions at Low-Voltage Grid in the Frequency Range Assigned to NB-PLC Technologies." Electronics 8, no. 9: 1044.

Review
Published: 23 August 2019 in Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia
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The electrical infrastructure needs the integration of communication technologies, and in recent decades the progress has been significant. Therefore, this work presents the latest advances in this subject, as well as new functionalities.The work brings together the advances in automation, from the early stages to the present day. At the moment, the Smart Grid needs to use communication technologies to enable a response to demand, which will allow a different relationship between customer and company. The work presents the existing network architectures and communication protocols used in the Smart Grid. The document presents the challenges of electrical infrastructure, and shows the benefits and drawbacks of different communication technologies. In summary, the paper shows the parallel evolution of the communication technologies and the electrical grid, as a basic aspect for the development of new functionalities and services for all the agents involved in the power generation-transmission-distribution system.

ACS Style

Luis Hernández-Callejo; Amaia Arrinda; David De La Vega; Igor Fernández; Itziar Angulo. A comprehensive review of the impact of transmission technologies on the electrical grid. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia 2019, 82 -91.

AMA Style

Luis Hernández-Callejo, Amaia Arrinda, David De La Vega, Igor Fernández, Itziar Angulo. A comprehensive review of the impact of transmission technologies on the electrical grid. Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia. 2019; (93):82-91.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Hernández-Callejo; Amaia Arrinda; David De La Vega; Igor Fernández; Itziar Angulo. 2019. "A comprehensive review of the impact of transmission technologies on the electrical grid." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia , no. 93: 82-91.

Conference paper
Published: 21 February 2019 in Communications in Computer and Information Science
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The paper describes the use of the communications technologies in the electrical network in the last decades and it provides a quick look at the significant role of these technologies in the development of new functionalities. Hence, the great evolution of the requirements of the electrical networks is summarized, from the first stages of the remote automation to a new scenario where Smart Grids and demand response will generate a different relation between utilities and final users. Then, a compilation of the main network architectures and communication protocols used in the electrical networks is outlined. Moreover, an evaluation of the benefits and drawbacks of the communication technologies, when they are applied to the last mile connectivity in electrical grids, is described. The paper concludes with a selection of the most relevant challenges of the electrical networks where the communication technologies may ne determinant as an enabling technology. In summary, the paper shows the parallel evolution of the communication technologies and the electrical grid, as a basic aspect for the development of new functionalities and services for all the agents involved in the power generation-transmission-distribution system.

ACS Style

Luis Hernández-Callejo; Amaia Arrinda; David de la Vega; Igor Fernández; Itziar Angulo. The Impact of Transmission Technologies on the Evolution of the Electrical Grid. Communications in Computer and Information Science 2019, 94 -101.

AMA Style

Luis Hernández-Callejo, Amaia Arrinda, David de la Vega, Igor Fernández, Itziar Angulo. The Impact of Transmission Technologies on the Evolution of the Electrical Grid. Communications in Computer and Information Science. 2019; ():94-101.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Hernández-Callejo; Amaia Arrinda; David de la Vega; Igor Fernández; Itziar Angulo. 2019. "The Impact of Transmission Technologies on the Evolution of the Electrical Grid." Communications in Computer and Information Science , no. : 94-101.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2018 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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Narrow Band Power Line Communications (NB-PLC) systems are currently used for smart metering and power quality monitoring as a part of the Smart Grid (SG) concept. However, non-intentional emissions generated by the devices connected to the grid may sometimes disturb the communications and isolate metering equipment. Though some research works have been recently developed to characterize these emissions, most of them have been limited to frequencies below 150 kHz and they are mainly focused on in-house electronic appliances and lightning devices. As NB-PLC can also be allocated in higher frequencies up to 500 kHz, there is still a lack of analysis in this frequency range, especially for emissions from Distributed Energy Resources (DERs). The identification and characterization of the emissions is essential to develop solutions that avoid a negative impact on the proper performance of NB-PLC. In this work, the non-intentional emissions of different types of DERs composing a representative microgrid have been measured in the 35–500 kHz frequency range and analyzed both in time and frequency domains. Different working conditions and coupling and commutation procedures to mains are considered in the analysis. Results are then compared to the limits recommended by regulatory bodies for spurious emissions from communication systems in this frequency band, as no specific limits for DERs have been established. Field measurements show clear differences in the characteristics of non-intentional emissions for different devices, working conditions and coupling procedures and for frequencies below and above 150 kHz. Results of this study demonstrate that a further characterization of the potential emissions from the different types of DERs connected to the grid is required in order to guarantee current and future applications based on NB-PLC.

ACS Style

I. Fernandez; N. Uribe-Pérez; I. Eizmendi; I. Angulo; D. de la Vega; A. Arrinda; T. Arzuaga. Characterization of non-intentional emissions from distributed energy resources up to 500 kHz: A case study in Spain. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2018, 105, 549 -563.

AMA Style

I. Fernandez, N. Uribe-Pérez, I. Eizmendi, I. Angulo, D. de la Vega, A. Arrinda, T. Arzuaga. Characterization of non-intentional emissions from distributed energy resources up to 500 kHz: A case study in Spain. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2018; 105 ():549-563.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Fernandez; N. Uribe-Pérez; I. Eizmendi; I. Angulo; D. de la Vega; A. Arrinda; T. Arzuaga. 2018. "Characterization of non-intentional emissions from distributed energy resources up to 500 kHz: A case study in Spain." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 105, no. : 549-563.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 September 2018 in 2018 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)
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Impedance measurement methods and field measurements are being demanded by utilities and regulatory and standardization bodies, in order to characterize the electrical grid as a data transmission medium. The variation with time and frequency of both the grid access impedance and the load impedance of connected devices has a great influence on the performance of the Power Line Communications (PLC) for Smart Grid applications. This paper presents two different methods to characterize the grid and load impedances for the frequency range used for NB-PLC. One method is based on current injection and Synchronous Demodulation, while the second method is based on the injection of configurable NB-PLC signals and Fourier analysis. Results are compared and evaluated with respect to theoretical calculations, when they are applied to a typical impedance scenario. Moreover, the impact of the variations of the access impedance on the NB-PLC signals is also evaluated, by characterizing both the frequency response of the filter impedance and the effect on the signals spectra.

ACS Style

Lino Capponi; Igor Fernandez; Dominique Roggo; Amaia Arrinda; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega. Comparison of Measurement Methods of Grid Impedance for Narrow Band-PLC up to 500 kHz. 2018 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS) 2018, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Lino Capponi, Igor Fernandez, Dominique Roggo, Amaia Arrinda, Itziar Angulo, David De La Vega. Comparison of Measurement Methods of Grid Impedance for Narrow Band-PLC up to 500 kHz. 2018 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS). 2018; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lino Capponi; Igor Fernandez; Dominique Roggo; Amaia Arrinda; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega. 2018. "Comparison of Measurement Methods of Grid Impedance for Narrow Band-PLC up to 500 kHz." 2018 IEEE 9th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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ACS Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; David de la Vega; Txetxu Arzuaga; Amaia Arrinda; Igor Fernández. On-field evaluation of the performance of IP-based data transmission over narrowband PLC for smart grid applications. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2018, 100, 350 -364.

AMA Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez, Itziar Angulo, David de la Vega, Txetxu Arzuaga, Amaia Arrinda, Igor Fernández. On-field evaluation of the performance of IP-based data transmission over narrowband PLC for smart grid applications. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2018; 100 ():350-364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; David de la Vega; Txetxu Arzuaga; Amaia Arrinda; Igor Fernández. 2018. "On-field evaluation of the performance of IP-based data transmission over narrowband PLC for smart grid applications." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 100, no. : 350-364.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 April 2018 in 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC)
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The use of higher frequencies is a promising feature for NB-PLC technologies since the speed of the communications and, hence, the efficiency of telemanagement services can be notably improved. Additionally, new services can emerge when using these extended bands. However, the electricity network is a hostile environment that hampers the on-field studies due to the variability of the conditions of the grid and the presence of wide types of noises, among others. Hence, the replication of representative real scenarios in controlled environments is an added value towards the characterization and modelling of NB-PLC, specially above 150 kHz. In this sense, this paper presents some laboratory facilities to benchmark the performance of NB-PLC up to 500 kHz in a controlled network. The work includes the identification of the most important parameters to be considered, the description of the facilities and a practical implementation of a real scenario.

ACS Style

Ibon Arechalde; Noelia Uribe- Perez; Jaime Gandarias; Txetxu Arzuaga; Amaia Arrinda; Igor Fernandez; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega. Facilities in laboratory for the benchmarking of products for new services over NB-PLC. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) 2018, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Ibon Arechalde, Noelia Uribe- Perez, Jaime Gandarias, Txetxu Arzuaga, Amaia Arrinda, Igor Fernandez, Itziar Angulo, David De La Vega. Facilities in laboratory for the benchmarking of products for new services over NB-PLC. 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC). 2018; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ibon Arechalde; Noelia Uribe- Perez; Jaime Gandarias; Txetxu Arzuaga; Amaia Arrinda; Igor Fernandez; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega. 2018. "Facilities in laboratory for the benchmarking of products for new services over NB-PLC." 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) , no. : 1-5.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal
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ACS Style

I. Fernandez; M. García; David de la Vega; A. Arrinda; Itziar Angulo; T. Arzuaga. Characterization of Non Intentional Conducted Emissions Up to 500 kHz in Urban Environment. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 2018, 1, 663 -668.

AMA Style

I. Fernandez, M. García, David de la Vega, A. Arrinda, Itziar Angulo, T. Arzuaga. Characterization of Non Intentional Conducted Emissions Up to 500 kHz in Urban Environment. Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal. 2018; 1 ():663-668.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Fernandez; M. García; David de la Vega; A. Arrinda; Itziar Angulo; T. Arzuaga. 2018. "Characterization of Non Intentional Conducted Emissions Up to 500 kHz in Urban Environment." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 1, no. : 663-668.

Journal article
Published: 06 November 2017 in Energies
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Currently, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems have equipped the low voltage section with a communication system that is being used mainly for metering purposes, but it can be further employed for additional applications related to the Smart Grid (SG) concept. This paper explores the potential applications beyond metering of the available channel in a Power Line Communication-based AMI system. To that end, IP has been implemented over Narrow Band-Power Line Communication (NB-PLC) in a real microgrid, which includes an AMI system. A thorough review of potential applications for the SG that might be implemented for this representative case is included in order to provide a realistic analysis of the potentiality of NB-PLC beyond smart metering. The results demonstrate that existing AMI systems based on NB-PLC have the capacity to implement additional applications such as remote commands or status signals, which entails an added value for deployed AMI systems.

ACS Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega; Txetxu Arzuaga; Igor Fernández; Amaia Arrinda. Smart Grid Applications for a Practical Implementation of IP over Narrowband Power Line Communications. Energies 2017, 10, 1782 .

AMA Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez, Itziar Angulo, David De La Vega, Txetxu Arzuaga, Igor Fernández, Amaia Arrinda. Smart Grid Applications for a Practical Implementation of IP over Narrowband Power Line Communications. Energies. 2017; 10 (11):1782.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega; Txetxu Arzuaga; Igor Fernández; Amaia Arrinda. 2017. "Smart Grid Applications for a Practical Implementation of IP over Narrowband Power Line Communications." Energies 10, no. 11: 1782.

Proceedings article
Published: 01 January 2017 in 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC)
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This work describes a representative set of measurements aiming at testing the transmission of IP data in presence of smart metering traffic over a NB-PLC network. The measurements were performed in a real microgrid including a smart metering system based on PRIME v1.3.6 with up to thirteen nodes. Three types of traffic and several configurations of TCP/IP packets were evaluated. Additionally, two different sets of measurements were considered: direct communication between master node and service node and communication between services nodes. Results confirm the feasibility of transmitting IP data over PRIME subnetworks, in line with previous laboratory tests. Diverse types of traffic could therefore be transmitted over the NB-PLC network in addition to smart metering data. This enables a multiservice network over PRIME. Among the applications that can benefit from this feature, LV automation is the most relevant, as part of the Smart Grid concept.

ACS Style

Noelia Uribe-Perez; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda; Txetxu Arzuaga; Laura Marron; Sonia Martinez; Alberto Sendin; Iker Urrutia. TCP/IP capabilities over NB-PLC for Smart Grid applications: Field validation. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) 2017, 1 -5.

AMA Style

Noelia Uribe-Perez, Itziar Angulo, David De La Vega, Amaia Arrinda, Txetxu Arzuaga, Laura Marron, Sonia Martinez, Alberto Sendin, Iker Urrutia. TCP/IP capabilities over NB-PLC for Smart Grid applications: Field validation. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC). 2017; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Uribe-Perez; Itziar Angulo; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda; Txetxu Arzuaga; Laura Marron; Sonia Martinez; Alberto Sendin; Iker Urrutia. 2017. "TCP/IP capabilities over NB-PLC for Smart Grid applications: Field validation." 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) , no. : 1-5.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2017 in 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC)
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This paper explores the possibilities of Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM), a non-orthogonal multiplexing technique, for its application in Narrow Band Power Line Communications (NB-PLC). Both theoretical calculations and simulation results are included based on PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME) in CENELEC A-band. However, improvements presented in the paper can be directly applied to any NB-PLC system based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). LDM proves to be a promising technology for future PLC applications, based on obtained results.

ACS Style

Itziar Angulo; David de la Vega; Amaia Arrinda; Igor Fernandez; Inigo Berganza; Asier Llano; Txetxu Arzuaga. Implementation of non-orthogonal Multiplexing for Narrow Band Power Line Communications. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) 2017, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Itziar Angulo, David de la Vega, Amaia Arrinda, Igor Fernandez, Inigo Berganza, Asier Llano, Txetxu Arzuaga. Implementation of non-orthogonal Multiplexing for Narrow Band Power Line Communications. 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC). 2017; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Itziar Angulo; David de la Vega; Amaia Arrinda; Igor Fernandez; Inigo Berganza; Asier Llano; Txetxu Arzuaga. 2017. "Implementation of non-orthogonal Multiplexing for Narrow Band Power Line Communications." 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and its Applications (ISPLC) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2016 in Energies
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Distributed Energy Resources might have a severe influence on Power Line Communications, as they can generate interfering signals and high frequency emissions or supraharmonics that may cause loss of metering and control data. In this paper, the influence of various energy resources on Narrowband Power Line Communications is described and analyzed through several test measurements performed in a real microgrid. Accordingly, the paper describes the effects on smart metering communications through the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer analysis. Results show that the switching frequency of inverters and the presence of battery chargers are remarkable sources of disturbance in low voltage distribution networks. In this sense, the results presented can contribute to efforts towards standardization and normative of emissions at higher frequencies higher, such as CENELEC EN 50160 and IEC/TS 62749.

ACS Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; Luis Hernández-Callejo; Txetxu Arzuaga; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda. Study of Unwanted Emissions in the CENELEC-A Band Generated by Distributed Energy Resources and Their Influence over Narrow Band Power Line Communications. Energies 2016, 9, 1007 .

AMA Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez, Itziar Angulo, Luis Hernández-Callejo, Txetxu Arzuaga, David De La Vega, Amaia Arrinda. Study of Unwanted Emissions in the CENELEC-A Band Generated by Distributed Energy Resources and Their Influence over Narrow Band Power Line Communications. Energies. 2016; 9 (12):1007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; Luis Hernández-Callejo; Txetxu Arzuaga; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda. 2016. "Study of Unwanted Emissions in the CENELEC-A Band Generated by Distributed Energy Resources and Their Influence over Narrow Band Power Line Communications." Energies 9, no. 12: 1007.

Preprint
Published: 27 September 2016
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Distributed Energy Resources might have a severe influence on Power Line Communications, as they can generate interfering signals and high frequency emissions or supraharmonics that may cause loss of metering and control data. In this paper, the influence of various energy resources on Narrowband Power Line Communications is described and analyzed through several test measurements performed in a real microgrid. Accordingly, the paper describes the effects on smart metering communications through MAC layer analysis. Results show that the commutation frequency of inverters and the presence of battery chargers are remarkable sources of disturbance in low voltage distribution networks. In this sense, the results presented can contribute to efforts towards standardization and normative of emissions at higher frequencies higher, such as CENELEC EN 50160 and IEC/TS 62749.

ACS Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; Luis Hernández; Txetxu Arzuaga; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda. Study of Unwanted Emissions Generated by Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids and their Influence over Narrow Band Power Line Communications. 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez, Itziar Angulo, Luis Hernández, Txetxu Arzuaga, David De La Vega, Amaia Arrinda. Study of Unwanted Emissions Generated by Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids and their Influence over Narrow Band Power Line Communications. . 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Itziar Angulo; Luis Hernández; Txetxu Arzuaga; David De La Vega; Amaia Arrinda. 2016. "Study of Unwanted Emissions Generated by Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids and their Influence over Narrow Band Power Line Communications." , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 01 April 2016 in 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP)
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There is clear evidence that, above or within a region where wind farms are present, the normal functioning of Air Traffic Control (ATC) radars might be significantly impacted. In order to prevent these cases of impact, it is important to be able to identify the potential degradation of the service before it occurs. One of the most difficult tasks to achieve that goal is effectively characterizing the Radar Cross Section (RCS) of the wind turbines to be installed. In opposition to rigorous methods that can be computationally demanding, or constant representative RCS values than cannot accurately represent the real wind turbine models given the multitude of factors affecting RCS, in this paper a simplified RCS model to estimate the potential impact of wind turbines on Air Traffic Control radars is proposed. This model is validated against real measurements of RCS of a wind turbine, showing good agreement and highlighting the usefulness of the proposal.

ACS Style

David De La Vega; D. Jenn; I. Angulo; D. Guerra. Simplified characterization of Radar Cross Section of wind turbines in the air surveillance radars band. 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) 2016, 1 -5.

AMA Style

David De La Vega, D. Jenn, I. Angulo, D. Guerra. Simplified characterization of Radar Cross Section of wind turbines in the air surveillance radars band. 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). 2016; ():1-5.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David De La Vega; D. Jenn; I. Angulo; D. Guerra. 2016. "Simplified characterization of Radar Cross Section of wind turbines in the air surveillance radars band." 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP) , no. : 1-5.

Review
Published: 29 February 2016 in Applied Sciences
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Climate change, awareness of energy efficiency, new trends in electricity markets, the obsolescence of the actual electricity model, and the gradual conversion of consumers to prosumer profiles are the main agents of progressive change in electricity systems towards the Smart Grid paradigm. The introduction of multiple distributed generation and storage resources, with a strong involvement of renewable energies, exposes the necessity of advanced metering or Smart Metering systems, able to manage and control those distributed resources. Due to the heterogeneity of the Smart Metering systems and the specific features of each grid, it is easy to find in the related literature a wide range of solutions with different features. This work describes the key elements in a Smart Metering system and compiles the most employed technologies and standards as well as their main features. Since Smart Metering systems can perform jointly with other activities, these growing initiatives are also addressed. Finally, a revision of the main trends in Smart Metering uses and deployments worldwide is included.

ACS Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Luis Hernández; David De La Vega; Itziar Angulo. State of the Art and Trends Review of Smart Metering in Electricity Grids. Applied Sciences 2016, 6, 68 .

AMA Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez, Luis Hernández, David De La Vega, Itziar Angulo. State of the Art and Trends Review of Smart Metering in Electricity Grids. Applied Sciences. 2016; 6 (3):68.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noelia Uribe-Pérez; Luis Hernández; David De La Vega; Itziar Angulo. 2016. "State of the Art and Trends Review of Smart Metering in Electricity Grids." Applied Sciences 6, no. 3: 68.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2016 in Energies
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ITU-T G.9904 standard, also known as PoweRline Intelligent Metering Evolution (PRIME), is a Power Line Communications standard for advanced metering, grid control and asset monitoring defined by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). In this paper, an analysis about how different characteristics of the communication channel and types of noise might affect the system performance is carried out. This study is based on simulations of the PRIME physical layer using different channel characteristics and transmission parameters. The conclusions obtained are very valuable for better understanding the behavior of the ITU-T G.9904 (PRIME) standard in the field, allowing future improvements in deployment strategies and equipment design.

ACS Style

Asier Llano; Itziar Angulo; Pablo Angueira; Txetxu Arzuaga; David De La Vega. Analysis of the Channel Influence to Power Line Communications Based on ITU-T G.9904 (PRIME). Energies 2016, 9, 39 .

AMA Style

Asier Llano, Itziar Angulo, Pablo Angueira, Txetxu Arzuaga, David De La Vega. Analysis of the Channel Influence to Power Line Communications Based on ITU-T G.9904 (PRIME). Energies. 2016; 9 (1):39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Llano; Itziar Angulo; Pablo Angueira; Txetxu Arzuaga; David De La Vega. 2016. "Analysis of the Channel Influence to Power Line Communications Based on ITU-T G.9904 (PRIME)." Energies 9, no. 1: 39.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2015 in Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications
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Potential impact of wind turbines on telecommunication services is an increasing concern in wind farms deployment. The evaluation of the potential disturbance of a planned wind farm requires accurate and unbiased criteria applied in a comprehensive impact study. Near-field effects of wind turbines on microwave radio links is one of the less analyzed disturbances. In this article, new theoretical-based criteria and an easy to apply step-by-step calculation procedure are proposed. Results of the method are in the form of constraint masks, easy to apply by wind farm promoters in the layout design, by telecommunications operators in the evaluation of the potential impact, and by administrations involved in license tasks. In the article, the proposed method is applied to real cases of wind farms located close to radio links facilities and compared to current criteria.

ACS Style

I. Angulo; O. Grande; David De La Vega; D. Guerra; A. Arrinda. Method for avoiding near-field effects of wind turbines on microwave terrestrial radio links. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 2015, 30, 109 -123.

AMA Style

I. Angulo, O. Grande, David De La Vega, D. Guerra, A. Arrinda. Method for avoiding near-field effects of wind turbines on microwave terrestrial radio links. Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications. 2015; 30 (1):109-123.

Chicago/Turabian Style

I. Angulo; O. Grande; David De La Vega; D. Guerra; A. Arrinda. 2015. "Method for avoiding near-field effects of wind turbines on microwave terrestrial radio links." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 30, no. 1: 109-123.