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Contamination of maize by fumonisin mycotoxins is of major concern to consumer health. This study was designed to improve our understanding of the binding of fumonisin B (FB) to maize and its major macrocomponents, during the preparation of porridge. None of the processing treatments (pH 4, 7 and 10) or temperatures (30 and 90 °C) used resulted in a significant decrease in the recovery of FB1 from spiked starch, zein or maize meal. These results confirm the stability of FB1 in maize porridge, and the absence of modified forms of FB. The bioaccessibility of fumonisins in the gastrointestinal tract, following consumption of contaminated stiff maize porridge, was determined using the TNO Gastrointestinal Model (tiny-TIM). The porridge was digested in the tiny-TIM using parameters simulating human digestion. The concentrations of fumonisins were determined in the dialysates at fixed time intervals using ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole Time-of-Flight high definition mass spectrometry (UPLC-QToF-HDMS). The results proved that fumonisins B1, B2 and B3 are released rapidly from stiff porridge prepared from contaminated maize meal. This confirms that the low bioavailability of fumonisins cannot be attributed to strong association of the toxin with the intestinal content. This study presents new insights into the stability of fumonisins in maize porridge and the kinetics of fumonisin-release from porridge through simulated human digestion, suggesting that consumers using maize as a staple may be at risk.
Belinda Du Plessis; Thierry Regnier; Sandra Combrinck; Paul Steenkamp; Hannalien Meyer. Investigation of fumonisin interaction with maize macrocomponents and its bioaccessibility from porridge using the dynamic tiny-TIM gastrointestinal model. Food Control 2020, 113, 107165 .
AMA StyleBelinda Du Plessis, Thierry Regnier, Sandra Combrinck, Paul Steenkamp, Hannalien Meyer. Investigation of fumonisin interaction with maize macrocomponents and its bioaccessibility from porridge using the dynamic tiny-TIM gastrointestinal model. Food Control. 2020; 113 ():107165.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBelinda Du Plessis; Thierry Regnier; Sandra Combrinck; Paul Steenkamp; Hannalien Meyer. 2020. "Investigation of fumonisin interaction with maize macrocomponents and its bioaccessibility from porridge using the dynamic tiny-TIM gastrointestinal model." Food Control 113, no. : 107165.
Mycotoxins occur worldwide in the major grains, and producers, traders and processors are all challenged to prevent serious health problems for consumers. The challenges originate with pre-harvest fungi infections in the grain fields, increased contamination during improper storage and, finally, the mycotoxin accumulation in commercial food and feed products. Little is known about the multi-mycotoxin occurrence in maize and wheat commercially produced in South Africa. This is the first comprehensive study that reports on the multi-mycotoxin occurrence in South African produced maize and wheat crops after harvest, over four production seasons, in all the production regions of the country. The study was made possible with the development of a fit-for-purpose, cost-effective LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin method, validated for 13 "regulated" mycotoxins. A low mycotoxin risk was found in South African produced wheat, with only deoxynivalenol (DON) in 12.5% of the 160 samples at levels well below the 2000 µg/kg South African (SA) regulatory level. It was concluded that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is seldom present in South African produced commercial maize. The concentrations, regional variation and seasonal trends of deoxynivalenol and fumonisins, the two most prevalent mycotoxins, and of zearalenone (ZON), are reported for white and yellow maize in all the production provinces, based on the analytical results of 1400 maize samples. A threefold to eightfold increase in deoxynivalenol mean concentrations in white maize was observed in the main production regions in the fourth season, with 8.9% samples above 2000 µg/kg. A strong correlation was found between higher deoxynivalenol concentrations and the presence of 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON). The mean fumonisin concentrations were well below the 4000 µg/kg South African regulatory value. A possible shift in the incidence and severity of mycotoxigenic Fusarium spp. in the provinces must be investigated. The variations and trends highlight the importance of a continuous monitoring of multi-mycotoxins in South Africa along the grain value chain.
Hannalien Meyer; Zanele Diana Skhosana; Mamsy Motlanthe; Wiana Louw; Egmont Rohwer. Long Term Monitoring (2014⁻2018) of Multi-Mycotoxins in South African Commercial Maize and Wheat with a Locally Developed and Validated LC-MS/MS Method. Toxins 2019, 11, 271 .
AMA StyleHannalien Meyer, Zanele Diana Skhosana, Mamsy Motlanthe, Wiana Louw, Egmont Rohwer. Long Term Monitoring (2014⁻2018) of Multi-Mycotoxins in South African Commercial Maize and Wheat with a Locally Developed and Validated LC-MS/MS Method. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):271.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHannalien Meyer; Zanele Diana Skhosana; Mamsy Motlanthe; Wiana Louw; Egmont Rohwer. 2019. "Long Term Monitoring (2014⁻2018) of Multi-Mycotoxins in South African Commercial Maize and Wheat with a Locally Developed and Validated LC-MS/MS Method." Toxins 11, no. 5: 271.