Research investigations conducted in the past has shown that conventional petroleum based lubricants can be replaced with vegetable lubricants. Vegetable oil lubricants do not pollute the environment, as they are biodegradable. In this investigation, pongamia pinnata oil was used as lubricant, to during turning experiments. The physico chemical properties of modified pongamia pinnata oil were evaluated. Ag Nanoparticles were incorporated into the modified pongamia pinnata oil and it was subjected to tribological investigations. In this investigation, the effect of Ag nanoparticles in improving the lubricating aspects of the modified pongamia pinnata oil was studied. The aim of this investigation is to identify the effect of the nanoparticle incorporated bio- lubricant coolant on Monel K 500. In this study, using TiAlN coated triangular tungsten carbide inserts, Monel K 500 was subjected to turning under three conditions such as dry, minimum quantity lubrication and Ag nanoparticles incorporated vegetable oil lubrication. It was observed that the properties of the bio lubricant affected the turning output responses to such as cutting force, machining temperature, tool wear and surface roughness of the workpiece (Monel K 500). Machined surface was evaluated using scanning electron microscope, electron back scatter diffraction analysis and x-ray diffraction analysis. Turning operation conducted with 2% Ag nanoparticles incorporated modified pongamia pinnata oil lubrication was better than turning conducted under dry and lubricated conditions. Industrial wastes and toxic effluents can be minimised by switching over to bio lubricants and coolants.

The study examined the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the implications of non-performing loans on the Nigerian deposit money banks. The main objective is to examine the effect of Non-Performing loan on the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. A systematization literary approach for data analysis was Auto Regression distribution lag (ARDL) bound tests. Findings revealed that there exist a long run significant relationship between Non performing loan and the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. It was revealed that persistence increase in Non-performing loans results in poor Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. It was also discovered that Non Performing Loan reduces deposit money banks return on asset. The study therefore recommends that deposit money banks should employ competent risk managers that always use their skills to reduce the incident of non-performing loans in the Nigerian deposit money banks. The study also recommends that deposit money banks in Nigeria should always monitor the end-use of funds given to their customers in order to curb the incident of fund diversion which may result in non-performing loan.

This paper explores the complicated relationship between food and social behavior, emphasizing how practices such as communal eating, food sharing, and dietary choices assist as key expressions of cultural identity, social bonding, and individual preference. Illustration on interdisciplinary research, the argument emphasizes how eating practices are formed by cultural norms, family traditions, and community structures. It also discourses the role of shared meals in nurturing trust, happiness, and social cohesion. Future recommendations focus on structural and cultural strategies, including the expansion of interdisciplinary research, development of inclusive community programs, integration of food education in school curricula, and the thoughtful use of technology to enhance real-world social connections. Global comparative studies are also advocated to better understand universal and culturally specific food behaviors. Together, these approaches offer a comprehensive framework for leveraging food as a means to strengthen social ties in an increasingly digital and globalized world.