With the swift advancement of wearable electronics and artificial intelligence, the integration of electronic devices with the human body has advanced significantly, leading to enhanced real-time health monitoring and remote disease diagnosis. Despite progress in developing stretchable materials with skin-like mechanical properties, there remains a need for materials that also exhibit high optical transparency. Supercapacitors, as promising energy storage devices, offer advantages such as portability, long cycle life, and rapid charge/discharge rates, but achieving high capacity, stretchability, and transparency simultaneously remains challenging. This study combines the stretchable, transparent polymer PEDOT:PSS with MnO₂ nanoparticles to develop high-performance, stretchable, and transparent supercapacitors. PEDOT:PSS films were deposited on a PDMS substrate using a spin-coating method, followed by electrochemical deposition of MnO₂ nanoparticles. This method ensured that the nanosized MnO₂ particles were uniformly distributed, maintaining the transparency and stretchability of PEDOT:PSS. The resulting PEDOT:PSS/MnO₂ nanoparticle electrodes were gathered into a symmetric device using a LiCl/PVA gel electrolyte, achieving an areal capacitance of 1.14 mF cm⁻² at 71.2% transparency and maintaining 89.92% capacitance after 5000 cycles of 20% strain. This work presents a scalable and economical technique to manufacturing supercapacitors that combine high capacity, transparency, and mechanical stretchability, suggesting potential applications in wearable electronics.

In the evolving landscape of portable electronics, there is a critical demand for components that meld stretchability with optical transparency, especially in supercapacitors. Traditional materials fall short in harmonizing conductivity, stretchability, transparency, and capacity. Although poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) stands out as an exemplary candidate, further performance enhancements are necessary to meet the demands of practical applications. This study presents an innovative and effective method for enhancing electrochemical properties by homogeneously incorporating Ru(III) into PEDOT:PSS. These Ru(III) PEDOT:PSS complexes are readily synthesized by dipping PEDOT:PSS films in RuCl₃ solution for no longer than one minute, leveraging the high specific capacitance of Ru(III) while minimizing interference with transmittance. The supercapacitor made with this Ru(III) PEDOT:PSS complex demonstrated an areal capacitance of 1.62 mF cm⁻² at a transmittance of 73.5%, which was 155% higher than that of the supercapacitor made with PEDOT:PSS under comparable transparency. Notably, the supercapacitor retained 87.8% of its initial capacitance even under 20% tensile strain across 20,000 cycles. This work presents a blueprint for developing stretchable and transparent supercapacitors, marking a significant stride toward next-generation wearable electronics.

Mn-based disordered rock-salt (DRX) cathode materials offer high theoretical capacities and operating voltages, rendering them promising candidates for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, severe interfacial reactions between Mn-based DRX cathodes and the electrolyte can induce surface degradation and a pronounced increase in interfacial impedance. In this study, a LAGP glass ceramic coating layer was introduced onto the surface of Li_1.2Cr_0.3Ti_0.3Mn_0.3O_1.9F_0.1 (LCTMOF) particles to minimize direct contact between the active material and the electrolyte, thereby enhancing the capacity retention over 50 cycles. It delivered an initial discharge capacity of 278.7 mAh g⁻¹ and retained 227.3 mAh g⁻¹ after 50 cycles. Relative to the pristine uncoated cathode, the LAGP glass ceramic coating material achieved a capacity retention of 81.5% together with improved rate performance, retaining a high specific capacity of 184.5 mAh g⁻¹ at a current density of 500 mA g⁻¹. Surface XPS analysis, together with the electrochemical results, suggests that the LAGP glass ceramic coating mitigates cathode interfacial degradation under the investigated cycling conditions.