Introduction: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transition from premixed and intensive insulin to twice-daily insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp) co-formulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and methods: In this 12-week study, patients receiving twice-daily premixed insulin therapy in group 1 (n = 55) were switched to twice-daily IDegAsp. In group 2 (n = 60), patients on intensive insulin therapy were switched to IDegAsp injected twice a day. Inter- and intragroup comparisons were made.Results: A total of 115 patients were included in the study. There was a significant improvement in glycaemic control, median daily total insulin dose, body mass, body mass index, and hypoglycaemic events in group 1 and group 2 with the switch to IDegAsp (p < 0.05). The decrease in median daily total insulin dose requirement in group 2 was higher than that of group 1 (p = 0.001). There was no difference between groups in terms of other parameters (p > 0.05).Conclusions: The current analysis indicates that IDegAsp treatment improves outcomes, with the most notable differences observed in daily total insulin requirement, body mass, and hypoglycaemia.

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of 10 or 25 mg of empagliflozin to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a maximum tolerable dose of metformin and gliclazide. A total of 60 patients who had been receiving a maximum tolerable dose of metformin plus gliclazide. was divided into two groups in this study. In the first group (Group 1, n=32), 10 mg empagliflozin was added to the current treatment once a day, and in the second group (Group 2, n=28) 25 mg empagliflozin was added to the same treatment once a day. Biochemical results, weight and blood pressure changes of the patients in both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of empagliflozin addition. Patients who developed urinary tract and genital infections after treatment were recorded. There was a statistically significant decrease in HbA1c in both groups after empagliflozin treatment (Group 1, p0.05). Patients in Group 1 and Group 2 lost 2.6±1.2 and 3.8±2.0 kg of body weight, respectively (p<0.0001 for each). There were also significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure for groups 1 and 2 (p0.05). Two doses of empagliflozin added to the present treatments showed a dose-independent improvement in glycemic control and a neutral effect on lipid metabolism.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the value of radiomics analysis on T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) images in differentiating classical and non-classical polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Materials and Methods: A total of 202 ovaries from 101 PCOS patients (mean age of 23±4 years) who underwent pelvic MRI between 2014 and 2022, were included in the study. Of the patients, 53 (52.5%) were phenotype A, 12 (11.9%) were phenotype B, 25 were phenotype C (25.1%), and 11 were phenotype D (10.9%). 130 (64.4%) of the ovaries were classical PCOS, 72 (35.6%) were non-classical PCOS. The ovaries were manually segmented in all axial sections using the 3D Slicer program. A total of 851 features were extracted. Python 2.3, Pycaret library was used for machine learning (ML) analysis. Datasets were randomly divided into train (70 %, 141) and test (30 %, 61) datasets. The performances of ML algorithms were compared with AUC, accuracy, recall, precision and F1 scores. Results: Accuracy and AUC values in the training set ranged from 57%-73% and 0.50-0.73, respectively. The two best ML algorithms were Random Forest (rf) (AUC:0.73, accuracy:73%) and Gradient Boosting Classifier (gbc) (AUC:0.71, accuracy:70%). AUC, accuracy, recall and precision values and F1 score of the blend model obtained from these two models were 0.70, 73 %, 56 %, 66%, 58%, respectively. Conclusion: Radiomic features obtained from T2W MRI are successful in distinguishing between classical and non-classical PCOS.

Introduction: BRAF^V600E activating mutation is the most frequent genetic abnormality in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the association between BRAF^V600E mutation and well-established prognostic clinicopathological characteristics as well as iodine exposure. Material and methods: From 2000 to 2012, the data of PTC patients admitted to Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital in Turkey were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathological parameters were collected. BRAF^V600E mutation was analysed by DNA sequencing method in tumour specimens. We hypothesised that BRAF^V600E mutation prevalence is positively correlated with prolonged iodine exposure and expected to be higher in the second half of the recruitment period due to the increment in time spent from the iodisation process of the table salt in our country. Thus, iodine exposure was categorised as short-term (2000–2006) and long-term (2006–2012). Results: A total of 197 patients were accrued. The study population predominantly consisted of conventional variant. A statistically significant relationship was observed between BRAF^V600E mutation presence and age (p = 0.03), conventional variant PTC (p = 0.00002), T4 stage (p = 0.002), vascular invasion (p = 0.036), thyroid capsule invasion (p < 0.00001), extrathyroidal tissue invasion (p < 0.00001), and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.00001). When categorised as long-term and short-term, iodine exposure was not statistically significantly related with BRAF^V600E mutation; however, there were far more PTC cases in the long-term group (86.3% vs. 13.7%). Conclusion: We revealed that BRAFV600E mutation is associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters. There appeared to be no relation between long-term iodine exposure and BRAF^V600E. Introduction: BRAF^V600E activating mutation is the most frequent genetic abnormality in the pathogenesis of papillary thyroid carcinoma. We aimed to evaluate the association between BRAF^V600E mutation and well-established prognostic clinicopathological characteristics as well as iodine exposure. Material and methods: From 2000 to 2012, the data of PTC patients admitted to Dr. Lutfi Kirdar Kartal Education and Research Hospital in Turkey were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathological parameters were collected. BRAF^V600E mutation was analysed by DNA sequencing method in tumour specimens. We hypothesised that BRAF^V600E mutation prevalence is positively correlated with prolonged iodine exposure and expected to be higher in the second half of the recruitment period due to the increment in time spent from the iodisation process of the table salt in our country. Thus, iodine exposure was categorised as short-term (2000–2006) and long-term (2006–2012). Results: A total of 197 patients were accrued. The study population predominantly consisted of conventional variant. A statistically significant relationship was observed between BRAF^V600E mutation presence and age (p = 0.03), conventional variant PTC (p = 0.00002), T4 stage (p = 0.002), vascular invasion (p = 0.036), thyroid capsule invasion (p < 0.00001), extrathyroidal tissue invasion (p < 0.00001), and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.00001). When categorised as long-term and short-term, iodine exposure was not statistically significantly related with BRAF^V600E mutation; however, there were far more PTC cases in the long-term group (86.3% vs. 13.7%). Conclusion: We revealed that BRAFV600E mutation is associated with adverse clinicopathological parameters. There appeared to be no relation between long-term iodine exposure and BRAF^V600E.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia (SH), which calls for a triglyceride (TG) level above 1000 mg/dL, remains an important health issue. While some data exist to offer combination of heparin, insulin and fenofibrate as a reasonable treatment option, safety and benefits of this therapy have not been accurately weighted, largely due to the limited sample size of the relevant studies. Assess the efficacy and safety of the heparin, insulin and fenofibrate combination in the treatment of patients with SH. Patients aged ≥18 years with TG level above 1000 mg/dL and adequate organ function were included. Triglyceride levels were measured immediately before the treatment and on the 3^rd and 6^th days of the treatment. Treatment dosage, duration, response and side effects were assessed. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia presenting with acute pancreatitis were treated additionally with lipid apheresis. A total of 42 patients were included. Of these, 85.8% came to medical attention with some kind of secondary hypertriglyceridemia causes. The baseline median TG value of the cases was 2141.0 mg/ dL (1026-12250). There were 6 patients (14.3%) with acute pancreatitis at presentation. In patients without pancreatitis, with administration of insulin infusion, unfractionated heparin infusion and fenofibrate capsule, median TG values decreased to 921 mg/ dL (190-6400) on the 3^rd day and to 437 mg/ dL (112-1950) on the 6^th day of the treatment (p<0.0001, Friedman test). Potential toxicities related to insulin, heparin and fenofibrate combination treatment including hypoglycemia, hemorrhage, rise in creatine kinase levels, hepato - and nephrotoxicity were not observed. In this trial involving patients with SH, our data suggest that insulin, heparin and fenofibrate combination therapy was safe and effective.