Firstly, this study aimed to evaluate the effects on hatchability and relative weights of yolk, metabolic organ (heart, liver, breast muscle, and thigh muscle) and total digestive system (GUT) of in ovo feeding of cinnamon, ginger or anise extract. Secondly, it was investigated to determine the appropriate dose of cinnamon, ginger or anise extract in in ovo feeding. For this purpose, 480 fertilized broiler eggs were randomly distributed into 12 groups with four replicates as a factorial arrangement of three extracts (cinnamon, ginger, anise) x 4 doses (0, 3, 9, 12 mg/egg) to hatching trays. On the 18th day of incubation, 1 ml of 0.9% saline solution containing 0, 3, 9, 12 mg of cinnamon, ginger or anise extract was injected into the eggs with a 19 mm and 27-gauge needle. The cinnamon and ginger groups had higher hatchability, chick quality and proventriculus weight, while the anise group had higher thigh muscle weight. Chick weight was 12 mg/egg, chick quality was 0 and 3 mg/egg, breast muscle weight was 9 mg/egg, and liver, gizzard and GUT weights were higher at 0, 3 and 9 mg/egg in ovo extract doses. In ovo anise injection increased the number of non‐pipped dead embryos. The interaction effect of factors on the hatchability and chick quality were found significant. The results of this study indicate that 9 mg/egg cinnamon, 12 mg/egg ginger, and 3 mg/egg anise extract can be used in in ovo injection without negative effects on the investigated parameters. The role of in ovo cinnamon, ginger or anise extract injection in broiler needs further research.

As a result of the intensive use of biotechnology in cattle breeding, the incidence of rare genetic defects in the population has started to increase. Studies have focused on identifying cattle with genetic defects using molecular methods. Identifying carrier cattle is crucial to reducing genetic defects in future generations. In a previous study conducted in Turkiye, Brachyspina Syndrome (BS) and Cholesterol Deficiency (CD) were detected in Holstein cattle. With regard to these two genetic defects, in the study conducted to investigate samples were taken from the Holstein cattle reared in Eskişehir by using PCR technique. 2 and 11 cattle were found to be carriers of the BS and CD, respectively, among 112 Holstein cattle. The possibility of the spread of genetic defects and economic damage can be prevented using molecular techniques. Some molecular methods can be used to detect genetic diseases. In this way, herds free of genetic defects can be produced.

This study aimed to characterize the genomic diversity, population structure, and candidate regions consistent with selection in Hamdani (HAM) sheep using high-density SNP generated by double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq). A total of 20 animals were sampled, and after quality filtering, 310,663 SNPs from 18 individuals were retained for downstream analyses. Genetic diversity parameters indicated a relatively high level of genomic variation within the breed (H_O = 0.323 ± 0.01 and H_E = 0.326 ± 0.01) and low levels of inbreeding (F_HOM = 0.029 ± 0.02 and F_ROH = 0.008 ± 0.01), suggesting that the population has maintained substantial genetic diversity and has not experienced recent intensive inbreeding. Population structure analyses revealed that HAM sheep form a distinct genetic cluster separated from Turkish fat-tailed breeds, reflecting their unique genetic background and breeding history. Footprints of selection analyses based on runs of homozygosity (ROH) and integrated haplotype score (iHS) identified preliminary candidate genomic regions consistent with selection. After FDR correction, 12 of the 34 trait–chromosome combinations tested for the iHS-derived regions and three of the eight combinations tested for the ROH-derived regions were significantly enriched. Functional annotation highlighted biologically relevant candidate genes involved in reproductive performance (TSHR, FSHR, and LHCGR), lipid metabolism (ABCG1 and LPIN1), and environmental adaptation (LACC1 and MBOAT7). This ddRADseq-based genome-wide characterization provides preliminary information on genetic variability and candidate genomic regions consistent with selection in HAM sheep. Therefore, further studies focusing on a larger sampling strategy across multiple different sheep breeds are needed to design conservation, breeding, and future genomic selection programs.

Early growth performance is an important indicator of meat yield at slaughter in goats. However, it is influenced by numerous genetic and environmental factors. This study investigated the relationship between variations in the CHCHD7 gene and birth weight and live weight at 90th day in Kabakulak goats. The study was conducted with 120 animals, and the touchdown polymerase chain reaction technique was used to determine polymorphisms in the CHCHD7 gene. Birth weights varied between 3. 270 g (DD)and 3.665 g (II), whereas live weights on the 90th day ranged from 17.050 g (DD) to 18.431 g (II). Although the highest values for birth weight and live weight were observed for II genotypes in Kabakulak goats on the 90th day, no statistically significant association was detected between the CHCHD7 gene and early growth performance. The findings of this study suggest that the investigated CHCHD7 polymorphism was not significantly associated with early growth performance in the studied Kabakulak goat population. Therefore, further studies involving larger populations and additional growth-related genes are needed to clarify its potential applicability in Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) and to better elucidate the genetic basis of early growth performance in Kabakulak goats.