Introduction: In dentistry, understanding laser wavelength interactions with oral tissues enhances patient management. Over two decades, lasers have been used in dental practices for diagnostics, caries detection, calculus identification, hard tissue cutting, and root canal disinfection. They reduce patient anxiety and the need for anesthesia in hard tissue applications Aim. The objective of this research is to provide a review on how European dentistry has been affected by the use of modern laser technology between 2020 and 2024. This was done by classifying the types of lasers, examining their uses in different dental treatments, investigating the problems that may arise as a result, and appraising the benefits for oral health and patient outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted from 2020 to 2024, focusing on modern laser technologies in dentistry within European countries. Using the PRISMA flow diagram, studies were identified, screened, and included based on keywords related to dentistry and laser technologies. Initial searches identified 17,130 records, narrowed down to 27 relevant studies through various criteria. Inclusion required studies to focus on dental laser applications in specified European countries, published between 2020 and 2024, and be peer-reviewed. Results: The review covered studies from 2020 to 2024, highlighting various dental specialties and laser technologies like Erbium, CO2, Diode, Nd, Excimer, and Fiber lasers. Findings indicated lasers improved precision, reduced discomfort, and enhanced patient outcomes with minimal postoperative pain and faster recovery times. Noted risks included thermal damage and specific complications like bleeding and pain. Conclusions: The review highlights lasers' transformative potential in EU dental care, offering precision and improved outcomes. Future research should standardize protocols, assess long-term benefits and risks, focus on safety, and integrate patient-centered outcomes to enhance the evidence base supporting laser technologies in routine dental care.

The Aral Sea region has experienced severe environmental pollution, significantly affecting public health due to airborne pesticides, heavy metals, and other contaminants. Children in this region are particularly vulnerable, exhibiting higher rates of infections, including periodontal disease. This study investigates the extent of environmental pollution and the prevalence of periodontopathogenic microbial infections among children living near the Aral Sea. Environmental degradation, particularl

Background/Objectives: Childhood disability is a major public health issue affecting functioning, participation, social inclusion, and quality of life. These outcomes reflect interactions between individual functional limitations and healthcare, educational, family, social, and environmental factors. This review aimed to critically synthesize evidence on childhood disability, emphasizing functioning, participation, and potentially modifiable determinants. Methods: A structured narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, with searches updated in August 2026. English-language publications addressing epidemiology, functional consequences, healthcare, rehabilitation, educational inclusion, family factors, and social determinants were included. Evidence was synthesized qualitatively, considering study design, consistency, and methodological limitations. Results: Childhood disability encompasses heterogeneous conditions with varying functional consequences and support needs. Prevalence estimates differ across definitions, populations, and assessment methods, with substantial evidence gaps in low- and middle-income countries. Children’s participation is associated with family support, environmental accessibility, educational inclusion, and healthcare access. Financial barriers, fragmented services, stigma, and discrimination may further restrict participation opportunities. However, evidence linking modifiable determinants to participation is generally stronger than evidence demonstrating that interventions targeting these determinants improve participation. Improvements in clinical status, functional abilities, or healthcare delivery do not necessarily establish meaningful participation gains. Conclusions: Childhood disability requires a public health approach addressing both individual functioning and potentially modifiable barriers. Future interventions should evaluate participation as a distinct outcome, incorporate children’s perspectives, and examine whether coordinated, accessible, and family-centered support produces sustained improvements in everyday participation.