Background: Nomophobia or phobia of no mobile phone is the fear of being without a mobile phone or being unable to contact others via a mobile phone. It is a newly emerging psychiatric disorder among mobile phone users. Objective: There are no psychometric scales available in China for examining nomophobia, although China has become the largest mobile phone handset consumer market in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the original English version of a psychometric scale into Chinese and further examine its reliability and validity among Chinese college students. Methods: The original version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was first translated into Chinese using the backward and forward translation procedure. An exploratory factor analysis (a principal component analysis plus varimax rotation) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined by computing the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability, and the corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate regression analysis was used for examining associations between nomophobia and independent variables among the college students. Results: A total of 2000 participants were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 16 to 25 years, with 51.95% (1039/2000) being male participants. The Chinese version of NMP-Q retained 18 items. The eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot jointly support a 4-factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The CFA reached the adaptive standard, and the discriminant validity of the scale was good. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of this scale was .925, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the subscales were .882, .843, .895, and .818. The test-retest reliability was 0.947. Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.539 to 0.663. The significant predictors for each of the dimensions of nomophobia and total score of the questionnaire were the average number of hours spent on a mobile phone daily and gender. Conclusions: The Chinese version of the NMP-Q exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties.

This study aims to determine the resilience level and its influence on anxiety among Chinese lumbar disc herniation (LDH) patients, and to determine the critical psychological and non-psychological predictors of resilience among LDH patients. Twenty hundred and fifty LDH patients from a tertiary hospital in Jinzhou, China were included in this survey to answer the Resilience Scale-14 (RS-14), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10). The mean resilience level of LDH patients was 61.96 ± 12.37. Resilience was negatively correlated with anxiety (χ² = 32.603, p < 0.001), accompanied by a significant linear trend (χ² = 28.567, p < 0.001). Hope, stress, social support, and medical payment type accounted for 48.7% resilience variance. This study reveals that Chinese LDH patients had low resilience level, and that lower level of resilience was closely associated with higher anxiety level. The predictors for resilience among LDH patients include hope, stress, social support, as well as medical payment types. These findings provide local government and related health-care professionals with a basis for development of targeted mental health management of Chinese LDH patients, and will also help to devise appropriate health intervention strategies for promoting the mental health status of LDH patients.

BACKGROUND Nomophobia or phobia of no mobile phone is the fear of being without a mobile phone or being unable to contact others via a mobile phone. It is a newly emerging psychiatric disorder among mobile phone users. OBJECTIVE There are no psychometric scales available in China for examining nomophobia, although China has become the largest mobile phone handset consumer market in the world. Therefore, this study aimed to translate the original English version of a psychometric scale into Chinese and further examine its reliability and validity among Chinese college students. METHODS The original version of the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q) was first translated into Chinese using the backward and forward translation procedure. An exploratory factor analysis (a principal component analysis plus varimax rotation) and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to examine the underlying factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The internal consistency reliability of the scale was determined by computing the Cronbach alpha coefficient, the test-retest reliability, and the corrected item-total correlation. A multivariate regression analysis was used for examining associations between nomophobia and independent variables among the college students. RESULTS A total of 2000 participants were included in the study. Their ages ranged from 16 to 25 years, with 51.95% (1039/2000) being male participants. The Chinese version of NMP-Q retained 18 items. The eigenvalues, total variance explained, and scree plot jointly support a 4-factor structure of the translated questionnaire. The CFA reached the adaptive standard, and the discriminant validity of the scale was good. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of this scale was .925, and the Cronbach alpha coefficients of the subscales were .882, .843, .895, and .818. The test-retest reliability was 0.947. Corrected item-total correlation ranged from 0.539 to 0.663. The significant predictors for each of the dimensions of nomophobia and total score of the questionnaire were the average number of hours spent on a mobile phone daily and gender. CONCLUSIONS The Chinese version of the NMP-Q exhibited satisfactory psychometric properties.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Big Five Personality Traits and the occurrence of thyroid nodules (TNs), so as to provide evidence for individualized treatment from the perspective of personality and raise public awareness about thyroid health. A total of 331 participants who underwent physical examinations and thyroid ultrasound at the Health Management Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University were included in this survey and completed a panel of questionnaires including a general demographic questionnaire, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Among the 331 subjects, 42.9% (142/331) had TNs, 72.51% (240/331) were female, and 70.69% (234/331) were younger than 45 years old. There were statistically significant differences between the TNs group and the non-TNs group in terms of gender, age, age group, education, occupation, conscientiousness, smoking status, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction, total PSQI score, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and blood glucose (all Ps < 0.05). Logistic regression showed that conscientiousness was positively correlated with the occurrence of TNs in people under 45 years old (P < 0.05). Mediating effect analysis indicated that sleep quality had a masking effect between conscientiousness and the occurrence of TNs. Conscientiousness increases the risk of TNs, and sleep quality plays a masking role in the influence of conscientiousness on the occurrence of TNs among adults aged < 45 years old.