Objective: This narrative review aims to identify alternative ways to improve the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). Background: PD refers to endometrial painful cramps during the premenstrual period. This condition affects a lot of women worldwide and is accompanied with absenteeism and high economic costs, thus, risk-free, and effective therapeutic approaches are needed. Pharmacological agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), which are widely prescribed for these women, demonstrate adequate efficacy in alleviating pain and discomfort. The long natural course of the disease dictates remedies that focus on lifestyle changes and on improvement of Quality-of-Life (QoL) for women suffering with PD. Materials and Methods: Five major search engines, namely MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for articles published prior to October 2020 focused in PD. A total of 74 paper were included. Discussion: Physical activity, for instance yoga, aromatherapy massage, and other forms of relaxation, vitamins and dietary changes, acupressure and acupuncture,a and some psychological interventions are just few of the proposed health behavior targeted approaches in cases of PD. This review focuses on lifestyle changes and alternative methods that could potentially result in minimizing symptoms of PD and in improving overall QoL for these patients, by providing current scientific evidence on their efficacy. Conclusion: Complementary and alternative medicine practices (CAM) are widely accepted by women. International literature provides controversial scientific evidence, thus further studies need to be conducted in order to prove or disregard their efficacy in cases of PD.

Background and Objectives: Hysteroscopy permits direct assessment and treatment of the uterine cavity, but diagnostic yield does not necessarily translate into improved fertility. This narrative review examines its role in subfertility and reproductive medicine. Materials and Methods: The original literature search covered PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library through February 2026. Targeted checks during revision added the 2026 chronic endometritis consensus and the full CERM trial report; these updates do not represent a new comprehensive search. Evidence was interpreted by study design, population, outcome and precision, without formal risk-of-bias assessment or meta-analysis. Results: Large randomised trials do not support routine hysteroscopy before first IVF or after repeated IVF failure when ultrasonography is normal. Polypectomy has evidence of improved pregnancy rates in women planning IUI, although spontaneous pregnancies contributed to that result and live-birth benefit remains uncertain. Hysteroscopic myomectomy may improve clinical pregnancy in women with cavity-distorting fibroids; evidence for live birth is less secure. Adhesiolysis restores cavity anatomy, but reproductive estimates largely derive from observational series. The small TRUST trial did not demonstrate a live-birth advantage from septum resection and cannot establish equivalence. Hysteroscopy may guide biopsy for chronic endometritis but does not replace histological assessment. CERM found no improvement with doxycycline in its composite of cumulative live births and ongoing pregnancies at ≥24 weeks among women with recurrent miscarriage and CD138-defined endometritis. Fertility-sparing endometrial cancer treatment requires oncological selection, progestin therapy and histological surveillance. Conclusions: Hysteroscopy should address a defined diagnostic or therapeutic question. Decisions should distinguish spontaneous conception, IUI and IVF/ICSI and acknowledge uncertainty in live-birth outcomes.