Convection coefficients for internal building surfaces, characterized by the air—surface temperature difference and local airflow, are crucial to a reliable building energy simulation and analysis based on the integrated modeling of heat and air flow in buildings, especially dominated by the thermally stratified flows, where the coefficients may vary significantly along each vertical wall. A turbulence model with a differential viscosity and dynamic turbulent Prandtl is proposed to predict the convective heat transfer for the case of thermally stratified flows in buildings. The local convection coefficients and then the bulk ones are numerically derived based on the law-of-the-wall method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed in an experimental enclosure and the results of air temperature profiles in the space are compared with the experimental data. Good agreements of thermally stratified pattern between the CFD and experiments are obtained. Although some discrepancies in the bulk convection coefficients are observed when natural convection is dominating, little differences in the temperature profiles give much confidence. As a whole, the CFD method using the turbulence model suggested in this study exhibits its good ability to effectively predict the convection coefficients.

A Calibration installation of dynamic pressure transducer based on shock tube was designed, in which the measure and control system was the most important part because it determined the precision of calibration data and results. The measure and control system consisted of pressure control system and measurement system. The pressure control system was designed to control the initial pressure in the high pressure section and low pressure section of the shock tube. The measurement system had many functions, such as test condition inverse solution, test condition monitor, sampling trigger, effective data acquisition, parameters computation, and report generation and print module, etc. It was designed to accurately measure and calculate the parameters required for calibrating a dynamic pressure transducer. The 2 ^nd order expand uncertainty of the step pressure generated by the calibration installation was analyzed to be less than 3%, which met the requirement of standard calibration regulation.

A shock tube‐based calibration installation for dynamic pressure transducers was designed and manufactured. The hardware of the calibration installation contained a shock tube, two pressure transmitters, three transducers for velocity measurement, a temperature transmitter, two data sampling cards and a industrial personal computer, etc. The software of the calibration installation was a data sampling and data processing system. The functions of the software included test conditions monitoring, performance parameters computation, and calibration reports generation, etc. The performance of the calibration installation was tested. The test result showed that the range of the step pressure was 9.60 kPa–1.101 MPa, the maximum rise time of the step pressure was no more than 1μs, the minimum duration of the step pressure plateau was longer than 4 ms, the fluctuation of the step pressure plateau was better than ± 2%, and the maximum 2nd order expand uncertainty of the step pressure was less than 4%. Thus the calibration installation was qualified to be a shock tube‐based dynamic pressure standard because that the performance of the calibration installation was verified to meet the requirements of ‘Verification Regulation of Dynamic Pressure transducers’ and ‘Verification Regulation of Dynamic Pressure standards’.