Background: Respiratory muscle training (RMT) has shown potential for enhancing athletic performance, but its effectiveness, in youth wrestlers, remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of RMT on respiratory muscle strength and aerobic endurance in youth wrestlers.Methods: A parallel-grouperal was conducted across 22 male youth wrestlers aged 14.8 ± 0.4 years. Participants were assigned to an experimental(E) group (n = 11), which received RMT in addition to their regular wrestling training, or a control(C) group (n = 11), which continued with standard wrestling training only. The RMT was performed three times a week using the POWERbreathe Classic Blue® device at 50% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). Pre- and post-intervention measurements included MIP, peak inspiratory flow (PIF), inspiratory volume (IV), and aerobic endurance assessed by the Yo-Yo Endurance Level 1 test (YYT).Results: Significant improvements were observed in the E group, with MIP increasing by 9.57%, PIF by 14.77%, and IV by 10.46% (p < 0.05 for all). Aerobic endurance, as measured by VO₂max and total running distance, also significantly improved by 4.93% and 8.22%, respectively (p < 0.05). The C group showed smaller yet significant gains in MIP, PIF, and VO₂max but no significant change in IV.Conclusion: The addition of RMT to traditional wrestling training significantly enhances respiratory muscle strength and aerobic endurance in youth wrestlers. These results suggest that RMT may be an effective complementary training method to improve athletic performance in this population.

This study sought to establish an optimal inspiratory warm-up (IWU) protocol for elite 400-meter athletes. It addresses the existing gap in sprint-specific research and provides practical applications for coaches and athletes aiming to optimize sprint running performance. Across four weeks, 13 elite male runners (age: 22.7 ± 2, personal best: 50.78 ± 0.65 s) performed four 400-meter time trials after different warm-up protocols in a randomized order. Assessments of various respiratory variables [maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR), inhaled volume (IV)] and selected physiological indices [heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (bLa)] were performed before and after the time trials. Analysis of variance with a significance level of p < 0.05 was applied. Incorporating IWU into a standard running warm-up resulted in a ~ 0.38-second faster 400-meter time trial in elite male sprinters (p < 0.001). The most effective IWU protocols, associated with the fastest run splits, consist of two sets of 30 dynamic inspiratory maneuvers performed with pressure threshold loading at 40% or 60% of MIP resistance. These protocols exhibited a positive influence on selected respiratory indices and significantly lowered post-run lactate concentrations compared to the athletic warm-up and sham protocol. IWU with 40% MIP resistance was associated with lower post-run HR compared to other protocols. IWU using pressure threshold loading at either 40% or 60% of MIP can be beneficial for elite male sprinters. While 40% MIP appears to support faster recovery, a higher intensity at 60% MIP shows greater effectiveness in enhancing 400-meter sprint performance. Future research should explore IWU applications across broader populations and conditions, including female athletes, various hypoxic environments, and temperature variations.

This study aims to investigate the acute effects of inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW) in young wrestlers. Wrestling is a high-intensity sport that demands anaerobic metabolism, with rapid recovery and endurance playing crucial roles in subsequent performance. Inspiratory muscle warm-up specifically targets the inspiratory muscles, reducing fatigue during exercise and helping to sustain performance. Our study compares three different warm-up protocols (traditional wrestling warm-up, wrestling warm-up (WW_IW) + IMW, and wrestling warm-up + placebo (WW_PL)) to analyse changes in inspiratory muscle strength and select respiratory function parameters. The study was conducted with 14 male wrestlers aged 15-16. Participants were subjected to the three different warm-up protocols, followed by simulated wrestling bouts. Results showed that the WW_IW protocol increased maximal inspiratory pressure by 17.3% compared to the traditional and placebo warm-ups. Additionally, the WW_IW protocol delayed fatigue and improved recovery rates among the wrestlers. Specifically, WW_IW enabled a faster return to normal heart rate post-competition, accelerating the recovery process. These findings suggest that WW_IW can be effectively used in high-intensity sports like wrestling to enhance recovery between matches and improve overall performance. Further studies with larger sample sizes and in different sports are recommended to validate these results.

Understanding the effects of physical activity on the life skills of university students and how exercise shapes their eating habits is critical for the development of healthy lifestyles. This study aimed to examine the relationships between life skills, exercise habits, and nutritional behaviors of students enrolled in the Faculty of Sport Sciences, involving the participation of 222 male and 143 female students. This study utilized a correlational survey model to examine the relationships between life skills, exercise habits, and nutritional behaviors. The research data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Life Skills Scale for Sport and the Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale. The findings revealed that female students had higher scores in life skills areas such as communication, leadership and teamwork compared to male students, while male students had higher exercise scores. In addition, a moderate positive relationship was found between exercise and nutrition and exercise had a significant predictive power on dietary habits. These results emphasize the important role of exercise in supporting life skills and healthy lifestyles of university students.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine if the role of parents has an impact on the preferences of individuals who prefer sports science faculties. Method: 465 (124 female, 341 male) student candidates who took the Hitit University Faculty of Sports Sciences Special Talent Exam in 2022 participated in the study. The student candidates who will participate in the study answered the questionnaire after completing the voluntary consent form. The Individual-Parent Career Inconsistency Scale and a questionnaire with demographic information were applied to the participants. The SPSS 22 program was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained from our study. The normal distribution of the obtained data was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and it was found that they did not have a normal distribution. Descriptive analyzes were performed for the demographic characteristics of the participants. The chi-square test was used to test the significant relationship between the demographic variables, the Mann-Whitney U test was used for survey questions with two different variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for survey questions with more than two variables. Findings: There was no significant difference in the statistical values of the responses given by the participants on the scale for the inconsistency of the parents' individual careers (p > 0.05) in terms of gender, whether there is an athlete in the family, playing active sports, being placed by an exam, and taking a special talent exam at another university (p > 0.05). However, there seems to be a significant difference in the situation of the participants who took a special talent exam at another university, in their preference for sports science, and in their plans for after graduation. (p > 0.05). Conclusion: From the findings we have obtained from the study, it can be concluded that the role of parents is not crucial in the career preferences of individuals who prefer sports science faculties for their educational life. This is because the decline in employment of sport science graduates in recent years, the perception that sport science graduates can only become physical education teachers, and parents' lack of knowledge about other career options are considered to be effective. Key Words: Sports Sciences, Professional Influence of Parents, Student

Objective: Wrestling is a complex sport that requires a combination of strength, endurance, and wrestling-specific technical training. Endurance activities, such as running, are commonly performed for rapid weight reduction before competition. However, these activities can severely disrupt recovery and lead to significant declines in performance. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of endurance, strength, and wrestling training sessions on hydration status and performance parameters in young wrestlers, providing insights to guide more effective hydration and recovery strategies.Method: A total of 14 experienced young wrestlers participated in a crossover design, completing endurance, strength, and wrestling training sessions on separate days. The hydration status was assessed through urine specific gravity (USG) before and after each session. The performance measures included hand grip strength, back and leg strength tests, anaerobic power (vertical and horizontal jumps), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure, MIP), and reaction time assessments.Results: The endurance training caused the most significant acute reductions in the hydration (USG increase: 0.016 ± 0.005 g/cm³, p < 0.05) and body mass (BM; −1.89 ± 0.4%, p < 0.05), along with immediate performance decrements in the back strength (−7.02 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001), right-hand grip strength (−8.79 ± 2.1%, p < 0.001), jump height (−7.26 ± 1.8%, p < 0.001), and MIP (−9.01 ± 2.3%, p < 0.001). The hydration levels in the endurance group did not fully recover by the next day (USG post-training vs. before the next day’s training: p < 0.05). In contrast, the strength training improved the reaction time before the next day’s session (+5.6 ± 1.3%, p < 0.05), while the attention remained unaffected across all training types.Conclusion: Endurance training—commonly used for rapid weight loss—can acutely compromise hydration and reduce key performance measures, with recovery taking more time compared to strength or wrestling sessions. Given these findings, endurance sessions should be strategically scheduled before rest days or low-intensity technical training to minimize their negative effects on subsequent performance. Implementing enhanced hydration strategies during endurance-focused sessions may also help mitigate these acute impacts and optimize recovery and performance in young wrestlers.