This paper analyzes the harm of invasion of alien species caused by ship activities, and expounds the necessity and urgency of carrying out relevant research in China. This paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad, analyzes the research defects, and proposes that the research on the invasion mechanism of alien species caused by ship activities in China should focus on solving the major scientific problems such as the process and evolution of the invasion disaster, the interaction between the invasion and the offshore ecological environment security. In addition, it is necessary to consider the different invasion stages of alien species, such as invasion-escape period, population establishment period, latent-lag period and spread-outbreak(disaster) period. Finally, the key technologies and implementation plans to solve major scientific problems are proposed. The results show that, the interpretation of the model is generally consistent with the actual situation. Through database construction and typical species experiments, the theoretical model of alien invasion mechanism introduced by ship activities is interpreted and proved.

In this paper, the restoration behaviour of the in-situ microorganisms in seawater and sediments to the marine accident oil spill was researched. The experimental study on the breeding of in-situ petroleum-degrading bacteria in the seawater and sediments of Hangzhou Bay and the restoration of oil spill were carried out. Making use of the reinforced microbial flora, combined with physical and chemical methods in field environment, petroleum degrading and restoration experiment were performed, the effect of the breeding of in-situ degrading bacteria was evaluated, and the standard process of in-situ bacteria sampling, laboratory screening, domestication and degradation efficiency testing were formed. This study laid a foundation for further evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages for the petroleum-degrading bacteria of Hangzhou Bay during the process of in-situ restoration. The results showed that in-situ microbes of Hangzhou Bay could reach the growth peak in 5 days with the suitable environmental factors and sufficient nutrient elements, and the degradation efficiency could reach 65.2% (or 74.8% after acclimation). And also the microbes could adapt to the local sea water and environmental conditions, with a certain degree of degradation. The research results could provide parameter support for causal judgment and quantitative assessment of oil spill damage.