We report here the discovery, isolation, and chemical and preliminary biological characterization of a new antibiotic compound, 7- O -malonyl macrolactin A (MMA), produced by a Bacillus subtilis soil isolate. MMA is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits a number of multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacterial pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus , vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and a small-colony variant of Burkholderia cepacia . MMA-treated staphylococci and enterococci were pseudomulticellular and exhibited multiple asymmetric initiation points of septum formation, indicating that MMA may inhibit a cell division function.