Microplastics (MPs) have been classified as an extremely harmful environmental pollutant. Agricultural systems are among the ecosystems most heavily impacted by microplastics. Therefore, this paper discusses the sources and mechanisms of uptake, the physiological effects of microplastic contamination on plants, and food safety, all of which are linked. Microplastics, or plastics that are < 5 mm in size or less, have now been found in soils across the globe and are being considered as important factors in plant physiology. The paper not only reveals the various pathways of microplastics into plant tissues but also investigates their overall impacts on plant growth, metabolism, and oxidative stress responses as well. This study indicates that the use of plastics can lead to interference with nutrient uptake, lower photosynthetic rates, and excessive reductions in plant stress conditioning, culminating in edible plant species and thus, the human consumption of plastics through food. The paper also discusses the possible strategies for reclamation as well as the areas needing further research that are highlighted by the review.