The corn leafhopper (Dalbulus maidis), vector of the corn stunt complex (Spiroplasma kunkelii, Phytoplasma, and MRFV) in corn (Zea mays L.), causes losses of up to 100% in the crop. This review aimed to analyze the limitations of current control methods and the potential of integrated strategies. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, selecting 8 articles (N=8) published between 2021 and 2025 to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical and biological control tactics against D. maidis. The review reveals that chemical control, such as seed treatment, has limited effectiveness (persisting up to stage V2) and fails to prevent transmission by already infected insects. Strategies focused solely on vector mortality have been proven insufficient. In contrast, biocontrol with entomopathogenic fungi (e.g., Cordyceps javanica) has proven to be more effective, as it disrupts the feeding behavior of D. maidis and directly interrupts pathogen transmission. In the field, the combination of these fungi with resistant hybrid seeds has achieved efficacy equivalent to that of insecticides. It is concluded that effective management requires a paradigm shift: from population control to interruption of transmission. Integrated Pest Management (IPM), integrating resistant hybrids, monitoring, and behavioral biocontrol, is consolidating itself as the most sustainable and resilient strategy.

Poultry farming is a relevant industry in Brazil, providing essential animal protein. However, such commercial activity faces significant challenges from bacterial-based diseases, which can impact both animal health and quality product. In this context, this study aimed to identify bacterial strains and evaluate their antimicrobial resistance profiles in poultry farms in southern Tocantins, Brazil. Samples were collected from different stages of poultry production, and the antimicrobial susceptibilities were assessed through antibiogram tests, where bacterial isolates were exposed to 17 antibiotics commonly used in bacterial infection treatment. Bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis was used to group them based on genetic similarities. Five isolates were identified: Glutamicibacter creatinolyticus (IGA1), Enterococcus gallinarum (IGA2), Enterobacter mori (IGA3), Lysinibacillus fusiformis (IGA4), and Enterococcus faecalis (IGA5). Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed significant variations in resistance profiles, with some isolates exhibiting multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. IGA1 was classified as multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidime, trimethoprim, and doxycycline. IGA2 exhibited resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, including ceftazidime, cefepime, doxycycline, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tetracycline. IGA3 was resistant to aztreonam and trimethoprim, while IGA4 showed resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime but sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and linezolid. IGA5 did not show resistance to any of the tested antimicrobials. Collectively, our findings highlight bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance in poultry fams, reinforcing the need for continuous monitoring and effective antimicrobial control strategies to promote animal health, ensure food safety, and prevent the transmission of multidrug-resistant bacteria to humans.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between T. gondii genotypes (types I, II, III) and cases of spontaneous abortion in humans. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and ScienceDirect) were searched for studies published in the last 10 years. Observational studies evaluating T. gondii genotypes in abortion cases were included. Results: Eight cross-sectional studies were included. A pooled positivity proportion for T. gondii of approximately 20% was observed among abortion cases, with substantial heterogeneity (I² > 90%). Genotype distribution varied across studies, with types I and III being the most frequently reported. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests a possible association between T. gondii infection and spontaneous abortion; however, the role of specific genotypes remains uncertain due to limited and heterogeneous data. More multicenter studies are needed to robustly address the issue.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on weight gain and growth in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). To this end, a systematic review with meta-analysis of in vivo experimental studies involving tilapia and the use of probiotics was conducted. Searches were conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect/Elsevier electronic databases. The outcomes observed included weight gain and growth rate. A total of 410 studies were found, of which 7 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. In total, the studies evaluated 939 Nile tilapia specimens. The results showed a significant improvement in weight gain of 6.69 g (95 % CI: 4.05–9.34) and in specific growth rate of 27 % (95 % CI: 16 % – 39 %) when compared to the conventional diet. The probiotic strains Leuconostoc mesenteroides + Lactobacillus lactis stood out, inducing an average weight gain of 24 g [22.88 to 25.12] and average growth of 61 % [12 % to 110 %]. It is concluded that probiotic supplementation has the potential to promote significant improvement in weight gain and growth rate in O. niloticus, highlighting its potential as a nutritional strategy in aquaculture.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com probióticos na dieta sobre o ganho de peso e o crescimento de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com meta-análise de estudos experimentais in vivo envolvendo tilápias e uso de probióticos. As buscas foram conduzidas nas bases eletrônicas Web of Science, Scopus e Science Direct/Elsevier. Os desfechos observados incluíram ganho de peso e taxa de crescimento. Foram encontrados 410 estudos, dos quais 7 atenderam aos seguintes critérios de elegibilidade que foram, estudos de tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus), tratadas com dieta suplementada com probiótico e que medissem ganho de peso e taxa específica de crescimento e foram incluídos na análise final. No total, os estudos avaliaram 1879 exemplares de tilápias do Nilo, dos quais 939 foram usados no grupo intervenção e 939 como controles. Os resultados demonstraram melhora significativa no ganho de peso de 6,69g (IC 95 %: 4,05–9,34) e na taxa de crescimento específico de 27 %, (IC 95 %: 16 % – 39 %), quando comparados à dieta convencional. Destacou-se o probiótico das cepas Leuconostoc mesenteroides + Lactobacilus lactis que induziram um ganho de peso médio de 24g [22.88 a 25.12] e o crescimento médio de 61 % [12 % a 110 %]. Conclui-se que a suplementação com probióticos tem o potencial de promover melhora significativa no ganho de peso e na taxa de crescimento de O. niloticus, evidenciando seu potencial como estratégia nutricional na aquicultura.