The uniqueness and importance of Le Corbusier’s work were ratified by the recognition and inclusion of 17 of his projects as heritage legacy on UNESCO’s (The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage List in 2016. Despite the disciplinary diversity of his entire career, it is his architectural work that enjoys the greatest levels of dissemination and recognition. Consequently, it is assumed that Le Corbusier’s architectural work is more protected than its urban plans. This article aims to advance the recognition of the latter. To this end, it proposes a cartographic and documentary review of his projects, a specialized bibliographic review, as well as a review of national and international databases on his built work. Of 88 built works, at least 51 have some kind of heritage protection. In any case, less attention is paid to the urban dimension of his work. The city of Chandigarh presents a series of particularities, apart from being the only Corbusierian city built, which could raise the need for its safeguarding and recognition as a cultural legacy. 20th-century urban planning, and Chandigarh in particular, require the application of criteria complementary to those usually applied in heritage protection in object-based approaches.

Purpose: This paper seeks to define a theoretical model for the urban regeneration of mass housing areas based on citizen initiative, self-management and self-financing in the form of the neighbourhood cooperative. This paper aims to identify mechanisms for economic resource generation that enable the improvement of the urban surroundings and its buildings without assuming disproportionate economic burdens by the local residents based on two principles, the economies of scale and service provision. Design/methodology/approach: The research is structured in three phases: a literature review of the different trends in self-financing for urban regeneration and the conceptual framework for the definition of a cooperative model; the definition of theoretical model by analysing community ecosystem, neighbourhood-based services and the requirements for its economic equilibrium; and the discussion of the results and the conclusions. Findings: The results show the potential of the cooperative model to generate a social economy capable of reducing costs and producing additional resources to finance the rehabilitation process. The findings show not only the extent of economic advantages but also multiple social, physical and environmental benefits. Its implementation involves the participation of multiple actors, which is one of its significant advantages. Originality/value: The main contribution is to approach comprehensive urban rehabilitation from a collaborative understanding, overcoming the main financing difficulties of the current practices based on public subsidy policies. The model also allows an ethical relationship to be built with supplier companies by means of corporate social responsibility.

This article seeks to analyse the reciprocal influence between the post-war urban planning policies and the development of residential neighbourhoods in Lelystad between 1965 and 1990. This city has been designed ‘from scratch’ as the urban centre of the IJsselmeer Polders, the largest land reclamation project of the Netherlands. Lelystad’s neighbourhood development will be described and contextualised in the Dutch New Towns planning policy (1960–1985), which intended to avoid increasing congestion in the most densely populated area in the Netherlands: the Randstad. Lelystad is seen as a significant case. This New Town exemplifies the evolution in urban planning in The Netherlands in the second half of the twentieth century. Cornelis van Eesteren, who had presided over the CIAM (Congrès Internationaux d’Architecture Moderne) from 1930 to 1947, was responsible for the urban design in 1964, based on the principles of the Modern city and the functionalist design of residential neighbourhoods. However, Van Eesteren was dismissed, and his plan was modified. The successive urban plans, elaborated by the IJsselmeer Polders Development Authority (a public body for the development of the polders), adopted a technical and practical approach, and later moved to functionally integrated neighbourhoods, based on more organic ‘Woonerf’ theories. The research investigates the relationship between the general and the particular by studying the socioeconomic and political context that conditioned the Dutch New Towns and the specific urban and architectural characteristics of a selection of residential ensembles in Lelystad’s neighbourhoods. Furthermore, the research seeks to illustrate the relevance and the influence of both urban planning policies and the effective design of residential configurations.

Aquest treball pretén identificar alguns dels factors clau que han motivat la recent evolució de les comarques culturals de la Serra d'Aracena i el Andévalo des de la perspectiva de la planificació urbà territorial i la protecció del patrimoni. Situades en el nord de la província de Huelva (Andalusia, Espanya), aquestes comarques s'enfronten a la pèrdua de població. L'estudi parametritza l'evolució demogràfica experimentada pels seus municipis, alhora que analitza els diferents instruments de planificació urbanística i territorial. S'inclou també els plans de gestió mediambiental, donat el nombre d'espais naturals protegits que caracteritzen a aquesta regió. No obstant això, la necessitat d'elaborar un instrument de planejament urbanístic està inexorablement condicionada per la demanda real de creixement urbà, per la qual cosa s'han comparat les dades d'evolució demogràfica amb el creixement urbà experimentat per aquests municipis. D'altra banda, el llegat patrimonial pot ser un recurs crucial per al desenvolupament econòmic i social d'aquests territoris, quan precisament aquestes comarques es caracteritzen per la rellevància del seu patrimoni cultural. Per això, la recerca avalua la protecció addicional que proporcionen els instruments de planificació urbanística enfront de la de l'administració cultural. La recerca ha constatat que totes dues comarques s'enfronten a una complexitat afegida, ja que és necessari alinear diferents contextos administratius donada l'heterogeneïtat sectorial i interessos municipals divergents. Així, aquest treball ha pretès generar un coneixement sòlid que pugui servir de base a futures directrius per a la conservació, gestió i posada en valor d'aquest territori. This paper aims to identify some of the critical factors that have motivated the recent evolution of the cultural districts of Sierra de Aracena and Andévalo from the perspective of urban-territorial planning and heritage protection. Located in the north of the province of Huelva (Andalusia, Spain), these regions are facing population loss. The study parameterises the demographic evolution experienced by their municipalities while analysing the different urban and territorial planning instruments. This study also includes environmental management plans, given the number of protected natural areas that characterise this region. Nevertheless, real demand for urban growth inexorably conditions the need to draw up an urban planning instrument and so the demographic data has been compared with the urban growth experienced by these municipalities. On the other hand, the heritage legacy may represent a crucial resource for the economic and social development of these territories in keeping with the relevance of the cultural heritage that precisely characterises these districts. In this sense, the research evaluates the additional protection provided by urban planning instruments compared to those deployed by the cultural administration. The research has found that both districts face an added complexity as it is necessary to align different administrative contexts due both to sectorial heterogeneity and diverging municipal interests. Thus, this study seeks to generate solid knowledge capable of serving as the foundations for future guidelines on preserving, managing, and enhancing these territories. Este trabajo pretende identificar algunos de los factores clave que han motivado la reciente evolución de las comarcas culturales de la Sierra de Aracena y el Andévalo desde la perspectiva de la planificación urbano territorial y la protección del patrimonio. Situadas en el norte de la provincia de Huelva (Andalucía, España), estas comarcas se enfrentan a la pérdida de población. El estudio parametriza la evolución demográfica experimentada por sus municipios, a la vez que analiza los diferentes instrumentos de planificación urbanística y territorial. Se incluye también los planes de gestión medioambiental, dado el número de espacios naturales protegidos que caracterizan a esta región. No obstante, la necesidad de elaborar un instrumento de planeamiento urbanístico está inexorablemente condicionada por la demanda real de crecimiento urbano, por lo que se han comparado los datos de evolución demográfica con el crecimiento urbano experimentado por estos municipios. Por otro lado, el legado patrimonial puede ser un recurso crucial para el desarrollo económico y social de estos territorios, cuando precisamente estas comarcas se caracterizan por la relevancia de su patrimonio cultural. Por ello, la investigación evalúa la protección adicional que proporcionan los instrumentos de planificación urbanística frente a la de la administración cultural. La investigación ha constatado que ambas comarcas se enfrentan a una complejidad añadida, ya que es necesario alinear diferentes contextos administrativos dada la heterogeneidad sectorial e intereses municipales divergentes. Así, este trabajo ha pretendido generar un conocimiento sólido que pueda servir de base a futuras directrices para la conservación, gestión y puesta en valor de este territorio.

The primary objective of this paper is to approach the use of the 3D Geographic Information Systems (3D GIS), as an instrumental tool that allows us to deal efficiently with the extensive amount of information that characterises a large part of the research carried out in the field of Urbanism and Regional Planning. Specifically, the study focuses on medium-sized cities in Andalusia, the most populous and the second largest region in Spain. The Andalusian urban system is substantially characterised by the historical importance of this type of cities within its territorial organisation, which dates back to more than two thousand years, and whose potential as sustainable and balanced stands out. In particular, it is intended to address features related to urban characterisation as medium-sized cities that have been declared as heritage sites, as well as, the integration of the cultural heritage into urban development planning as an active strategy by the cultural administration of the regional and local governments. In detail, this paper will analyse data relating to the development experienced, their characterisation through urban indicators or the evolution and traceability of their protection. In this sense, the use of 3D GIS will not only allow the efficient recording and the graphical representation of a significant amount of data resulting from the quantitative and qualitative analysis carried out but also model them using the third dimension to facilitate a cross analysis among the cities under study. Definitely, the aim is to demonstrate the suitability use of this technology in this type of scientific research.