The study was designed to trace winterers' parameters of vegetative and energetic activity supply over time, arbitrary regulation of mental processes, and evaluation of sleep quality. It also aims to identify a complex of informative criteria for human adaptation to harsh living conditions. To this effect, we created an original model that allows to optimize diagnostics of people's functional state and its dynamics given a variety of factors. We examined ten winterers (seven men and three women) whose mean age was 35.4 ± 2.0 years, and 18–28 records per participant were obtained for everyone. Three options for specific changes of adaptive and compensatory reactions in the participants of the long-term Antarctic expedition were observed. The first included pronounced vasomotor responses of the hypertonic type with preserved functions of the somnogenic mechanisms. In the second option, measured parameters remained almost always within the norm. For the third option, typical were vasomotor responses following the dystonic type, sleep disturbances of varying degrees, and unstable evaluations of health, activity, and mood, with a tendency to decrease. Under unfavorable changes in the vasomotor responses during the wintering season, the signs of maladaptive changes in the brain's functional state were clearer. A relatively higher proportion of insufficiently adaptive productivity changes as a result of decreasing functional state was seen in the winterers with the first variety of adaptation dynamics. In the people with the second variety, a sufficient level of adaptation is often reached by a compensatory reaction type. As for the third variety, the subjects had the least representation of the stable reaction type and significant compensatory and exhaustive types. Thus, the results allow us to identify a complex of informative parameters that permits evaluating the quality and dynamics of human adaptation to long-term extreme life conditions. The data have to be considered to forecast work productivity in extreme conditions, study the quality and duration of adaptation, and plan measures to prevent the disruption of adaptive-compensatory mechanisms in the wintering team. Метою роботи було вивчення динаміки показників вегетативного та енергетичного забезпечення діяльності, довільної регуляції психічних процесів та самооцінки якості нічного сну в учасників зимувального загону та визначення комплексу інформативних показників, які дозволяють всебічно оцінити якість і динаміку адаптації людини до тривалих екстремальних умов життєдіяльності. Для виконання завдань дослідження було створено оригінальну модель, яка дозволяла оптимізувати діагностику функціонального стану людини та його динаміки в умовах дії різних чинників. Було проведено обстеження 10 зимівників (сім чоловіків та троє жінок), середній вік яких складав 35,4±2.0 років, та отримано результати від 18 до 28 обстежень для кожного. Було визначено три варіанти динаміки адаптивно-компенсаторних реакцій учасників зимувального загону. Перший характеризувався виразними вегето-судинними реакціями за гіпертонічним типом на тлі збереження функціонування сомногенних механізмів; при другому всі досліджені показники практично не виходили за межі нормативних значень; для третього були типовими вегето-судинні реакції за дистонічним типом, порушення нічного сну різного ступеня виразності, нестабільні з тенденцією до зниження оцінки самопочуття, активності та настрою. На тлі неадаптивних змін вегетативного реагування під час зимівлі стають виразнішими ознаки негативної динаміки функціонального стану мозку, особливо у обстежених з першим варіантом динаміки адаптації. У осіб з другим варіантом достатній рівень адаптації часто досягається за рахунок компенсаторного типу реагування. Особи з третім варіантом динаміки адаптації характеризуються найменшою представленістю стабільного типу на тлі домінування компенсаторного і виснажливого типу реагування. Таким чином, результати обстеження дозволили визначити комплекс інформативних показників, які дозволяють оцінити якість і динаміку адаптації людини до тривалих екстремальних умов життєдіяльності. Ці дані необхідно враховувати для прогнозу ефективності роботи в екстремальних умовах, для...

The paper describes the method for electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis based on the stochastic resonance (SR) effect. The numerical computation has provided the separation of low frequency components that fall within the 6-rhythm band. This is currently central in the neuropathology diagnostics, because the presence of low frequencies in the EEG is abnormal and bears witness to the disease. For verification, the data obtained with the use of the SR effect have been compared with the computations based on the autocorrelation function (ACF) processing. The comparison has shown their good agreement.

Background. Chronic stress and martial law conditions in Ukraine significantly exacerbate sleep disturbances and psycho-emotional disorders in patients with dyscirculatory encephalopathy (DE). This underscores the importance of investigating the mechanisms of insomnia development under war-related stress. Purpose – to identify the characteristics of nighttime sleep disturbances in patients with DE under martial law and evaluate their relationship with clinical and psycho-emotional manifestations of the disease. Materials and Methods. Fifty-eight patients with DE of stages I and II of hypertensive and atherosclerotic origin were examined, forming a main group (n = 30) and a control group (n = 28). Patients in the main group underwent comprehensive clinical-neurological and psychodiagnostic assessment using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) under martial law conditions. The control group was examined before the full-scale war. Results. Patients with DE under martial law demonstrated more pronounced neurological, asthenic, and psycho-emotional disturbances compared to the prewar period. According to PSQI data, sleep disturbances in the main group were more severe and polymorphic, particularly at stage I of the disease. Worsening insomnia contributed to the formation of a clinical picture characteristic of more advanced stages of DE, complicating the differentiation between stages I and II. A close relationship was observed between reduced sleep quality and increased levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the HADS, with these changes being more pronounced in patients with stage I DE. Conclusions. Chronic stress during wartime is a potent modifying factor in the course of DE, contributing to the intensification of insomnia and psycho-emotional disorders and diminishing clinical differences between disease stages. These findings underscore the need for a comprehensive approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with DE, considering their psycho-emotional status and sleep quality.

Background. The relevance of this study is determined by the high incidence of mine-blast traumatic brain injuries in contemporary combat conditions in Ukraine and their predominantly mild yet clinically «masked» course, which complicates timely diagnosis and outcome prediction. Even mild forms of traumatic brain injury may lead to persistent cognitive and neurodynamic impairments associated with dysfunction of neuronal networks and microstructural brain changes, thereby substantiating the need to improve methods of neuropsychological assessment and early identification of at-risk groups. Purpose – of this study is to investigate the characteristics of changes in the dynamic parameters of mental activity in different categories of patients who have sustained mine-blast closed traumatic brain injury, as well as to identify markers of different variants of post-traumatic recovery trajectories. Materials and methods. The study involved 68 military personnel with mine-blast closed traumatic brain injuries of mild to moderate severity (3–12 months post-injury), 10 civilian patients, and 11 practically healthy individuals comprising the control group. Among the military personnel, two subgroups were identified: the first with a relatively favorable course of post-traumatic recovery (n = 26), and the second with a complicated course and repeated injuries (n = 42), differing in the severity of clinical and neurological symptoms as well as in the level of combat experience (CES). Clinical and neurological status, as well as dynamic characteristics of motor functions (productivity, performance stability, interhemispheric asymmetry of indicators, and the effect of voluntary acceleration), were assessed using a computerized version of the tapping test. Results. In healthy individuals, stable indicators of serial motor performance were observed, characterized by a pronounced effect of voluntary acceleration and preserved functional asymmetry. Civilian patients with mine-blast closed traumatic brain injury demonstrated moderate impairments in the dynamics of motor activity, with relatively favorable compensation and partial recovery of performance indicators over time. Military personnel in Group I exhibited more pronounced changes, with a predominance of compensatory response patterns and instability of performance under functional load conditions. Military personnel in Group II showed the most severe impairments, manifested by a significant decline in productivity, inversion of motor asymmetry, predominance of an exhaustion-type response, and absence of signs of stable compensation. Conclusions. Mine-blast closed traumatic brain injury is associated with significant disturbances in the dynamic characteristics of motor activity, which are exacerbated by repeated injuries and reflect dysfunction of nonspecific regulatory brain systems. The most unfavorable course is observed in military personnel with repeated injuries, allowing them to be classified as a high-risk group and substantiating the need for individualized neuropsychological monitoring and rehabilitation strategies.

Relevance. Chronic insomnia is one of the most common forms of nighttime sleep disorders. It leads to a decrease in human performance, the development of social maladjustment, and even changes in the personal sphere. Chronic insomnia can become a trigger for decompensation of somatic, neurological and mental diseases, which determines the need to find ways to overcome it. Objective. To determine the efficacy and safety of the dietary supplement Alpha-Melatonin Relax in the treatment of chronic insomnia in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia. Materials and methods. The study involved 30 patients (18 women and 12 men) with chronic cerebral ischemia of stage I and II, the average age of which was 46.12 ± 4.98 years. The course of treatment consisted of 30 days of taking Alpha-Melatonin Relax, 1–2 tablets 30–60 minutes before bedtime. Clinical and neurological symptoms were assessed and tested using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in dynamics. Results and their discussion. The study results showed that 30-day administration of Alpha-Melatonin Relax provided a significant p≤0.05 improvement in the subjective assessment of the quality of night sleep, a decrease in the time to fall asleep, an increase in sleep duration, a decrease in the severity of emotional disorders and daytime dysfunction. Clinical and neurological follow-up of patients during the treatment course revealed a significant reduction in the severity of chronic insomnia, asthenia, and anxiety-depressive symptoms, which allows us to recommend the use of the dietary supplement Alpha-Melatonin Relax in clinical practice. Conclusions. Based on the data of a clinical-neurological and psychodiagnostic study, the statistically significant effectiveness of the dietary supplement AlphaMelatonin Relax in correcting the symptoms of chronic insomnia in patients with the initial stages of chronic brain ischemia has been proven.