Pakistan is rich in biodiversity, but for several reasons, it has not paid enough attention to biodiversity conservation and management. Furthermore, the country’s biodiversity action plan (BAP) for biodiversity issues is limited. This study aimed to assess the considerations in the BAP regarding biodiversity, progress, and issues in the implementation of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. The poor implementation of the BAP is the result of the failure of authorities to enforce Pakistan’s laws in the country as well as cross-border China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. In this regard, the knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of the officials of different environmentally concerned departments in Pakistan needed to be reviewed. Their opinions on Pakistan’s BAP were determined. A questionnairebased survey of the perceptions about Pakistan’s BAP was conducted. According to the majority of the respondents, the reasons for weak biodiversity governance were unclear targets and goals that resulted from poor institutional coordination (72%), unclear responsibilities (56%), and insufficient advisory guidelines (68%). This result demonstrates the country’s failure to fulfill its commitments to the Convention on Biological Diversity by implementing the BAP. Even the country’s environmental authorities did not agree to consider biodiversity or the implementation of BAP in the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor route, and no biodiversity-related survey or biodiversity-related training has been implemented. Therefore, improvement in biodiversity governance can counter some of the pressures and can enhance not only the biodiversity status of the country but also the state of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor.

Globally, the rapid growth of the population over the past century has put enormous pressure on freshwater resources. Pakistan, as a developing country, also faces a freshwater crisis. Rawal Lake, an essential freshwater reservoir near Pakistan’s capital, has been showing signs of deterioration for the past few years. Therefore, a brief study was planned to analyze the water quality of the lake and the associated recharge streams. Twelve physical and chemical parameters were selected along with the total bacterial and Escherichia coli count. Five sampling points were selected for water sampling. Results showed that the Mallpur stream significantly has higher pH, total suspended solids, and total dissolved solids values than the other sampling points and was not within the permissible limits of the World Health Organization. In the case of total bacterial count and Escherichia coli count, except Spillway, water samples showed higher concentrations than the permissible limits of world health organization. However, the mineral content such as Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrogen, Potassium, Chloride, and sulphate concentration at all sampling points are within the permissible limits of the world health organization’s drinking water standard. Results also showed that the water sampled from the Korang River tributary has more deterioration in physicochemical properties as well as in total bacterial count than the Mallpur tributary. Due to the deterioration of the water quality parameter, it is suggested that Rawal Lake water is not suitable for human consumption.

Anemia is the condition in which hemoglobin level may become lower than normal <11.0g/dl. According to an estimate, about one-third of the world's population (over 2 billion) are anemic. The study aimed to determine the Prevalence of anemia and associated factors among pregnant women at Kausar Hospital Mother and Child Health Care Centre Khairpur Mir’s, Sindh, Pakistan. The cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2019. A total number of 100 pregnant women were randomly included in this study. A predesigned questionnaire was filled out by face-to-face interviews consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, including Name, Age, gestational age, educational level, occupation, and monthly income. Anemia was classified as per World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria. The prevalence rate of Anemia in the present study was 69%. Minimum Haemoglobin levels were observed at 5.6 g/dL, and maximum Haemoglobin levels were observed at 12.4 g/dL with an average Haemoglobin of 10.05 g/dL ±1.44. Among them, 49% had mild anemia, 17% moderate anemia, and 3% severe anemia. At the same time, the patients were divided into age groups of 15-20 years, 21 to 25 years, 26 to 30 years, and 31-35 years to compare Anemia or Haemoglobin levels. Results showed a higher prevalence of anemia between the ages of 26 and 30. The minimum age was observed to be 20 years and a maximum of 35 years, with an average age of 28.12 years ±2.5 years. It was observed that the prevalence of Anemia was higher in 7-9 gestational months; socio-economic factors (Age, Gestational month, Number of children, and income source) showed significant association with Anemia. The present study concludes that the Prevalence of Anemia and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women at Kausar Hospital was 69%. Among them, 49% had mild anemia, 17% moderate anemia, and 3% severe anemia.