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Blue spaces, defined as all forms of natural and manmade surface water, are an integral part of cities. This is the first quantitative synthesis of the health impacts of urban blue spaces. Research exploring the health benefits of blue spaces in urban contexts is emergent and, thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence is deemed timely. We searched seven databases from inception to August 2019. From 4493 screened citations, 25 eligible studies were identified. Fourteen of these were included in a quantitative synthesis. We found a beneficial association between urban blue space and obesity (β = -0.34, 95% CI [-0.19, -0.09], p < 0.001), all-cause mortality (HR = 0.99, 95% CI [0.97, 1.00], p = 0.038), general health (Cohen's d = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.10, -0.08], p < 0.001) and self-reported mental health and wellbeing (Cohen's d = -0.25, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.07], p < 0.001). Effect sizes were small but statistically significant and the overall quality of evidence was good. Evidence for all other health outcomes was incommensurable, and so we provide a narrative description of study results for those outcomes. Although evidence is growing within the field of urban blue space and health, the body of evidence remains small and heterogeneous. More research is required to further understand and harness the benefits of urban blue spaces for public health and guide urban blue space management and development.
Niamh Smith; Michail Georgiou; Abby C. King; Zoë Tieges; Stephen Webb; Sebastien Chastin. Urban blue spaces and human health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies. Cities 2021, 119, 103413 .
AMA StyleNiamh Smith, Michail Georgiou, Abby C. King, Zoë Tieges, Stephen Webb, Sebastien Chastin. Urban blue spaces and human health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies. Cities. 2021; 119 ():103413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNiamh Smith; Michail Georgiou; Abby C. King; Zoë Tieges; Stephen Webb; Sebastien Chastin. 2021. "Urban blue spaces and human health: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies." Cities 119, no. : 103413.
Physical activity interventions for youth are direly needed given low adherence to physical activity guidelines, but many interventions suffer from low user engagement. Exergames that require bodily movement while played may provide an engaging form of physical activity intervention but are not perceived as engaging to all. This study aimed to evaluate whether dynamic tailoring in a narrative-driven mobile exergame for adolescents played in leisure settings, can create higher user engagement compared to a non-tailored exergame. A cluster-randomized controlled trial assessed differences in user engagement between a dynamically tailored (based on an accelerometer sensor integrated in a T-shirt) and non-tailored condition. In total, 94 participants (M age = 14.61 ± 1.93; 35% female) participated and were assigned to one of the two conditions. User engagement was measured via a survey and game metric data. User engagement was low in both conditions. Narrative sensation was higher in the dynamically tailored condition, but the non-tailored condition showed longer play-time. User suggestions to create a more appealing game included simple and more colorful graphics, avoiding technical problems, more variety and shorter missions and multiplayer options. Less cumbersome or more attractive sensing options than the smart T-shirt may offer a more engaging solution, to be tested in future research.
Ayla Schwarz; Greet Cardon; Sebastien Chastin; Jeroen Stragier; Lieven De Marez; Consortium SmartLife; Ann DeSmet. Does Dynamic Tailoring of A Narrative-Driven Exergame Result in Higher User Engagement among Adolescents? Results from A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 7444 .
AMA StyleAyla Schwarz, Greet Cardon, Sebastien Chastin, Jeroen Stragier, Lieven De Marez, Consortium SmartLife, Ann DeSmet. Does Dynamic Tailoring of A Narrative-Driven Exergame Result in Higher User Engagement among Adolescents? Results from A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (14):7444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAyla Schwarz; Greet Cardon; Sebastien Chastin; Jeroen Stragier; Lieven De Marez; Consortium SmartLife; Ann DeSmet. 2021. "Does Dynamic Tailoring of A Narrative-Driven Exergame Result in Higher User Engagement among Adolescents? Results from A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14: 7444.
Background Older adults are the most sedentary segment of society, often spending in excess of 8.5 hours a day sitting. Large amounts of time spent sedentary, defined as time spend sitting or in a reclining posture without spending energy, has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, frailty, loss of function, disablement, social isolation, and premature death. Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour amongst older adults living independently in the community compared to control conditions involving either no intervention or interventions that do not target sedentary behaviour. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, EPPI‐Centre databases (Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) and the Obesity and Sedentary behaviour Database), WHO ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 18 January 2021. We also screened the reference lists of included articles and contacted authors to identify additional studies. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster‐RCTs. We included interventions purposefully designed to reduce sedentary time in older adults (aged 60 or over) living independently in the community. We included studies if some of the participants had multiple comorbidities, but excluded interventions that recruited clinical populations specifically (e.g. stroke survivors). Data collection and analysis Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts and full‐text articles to determine study eligibility. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional data where required. Any disagreements in study screening or data extraction were settled by a third review author. Main results We included seven studies in the review, six RCTs and one cluster‐RCT, with a total of 397 participants. The majority of participants were female (n = 284), white, and highly educated. All trials were conducted in high‐income countries. All studies evaluated individually based behaviour change interventions using a combination of behaviour change techniques such as goal setting, education, and behaviour monitoring or feedback. Four of the seven studies also measured secondary outcomes. The main sources of bias were related to selection bias (N = 2), performance bias (N = 6), blinding of outcome assessment (N = 2), and incomplete outcome data (N = 2) and selective reporting (N=1). The overall risk of bias was judged as unclear. Primary outcomes The evidence suggests that interventions to change sedentary behaviour in community‐dwelling older adults may reduce sedentary time (mean difference (MD) −44.91 min/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) −93.13 to 3.32; 397 participants; 7 studies; I2 = 73%; low‐certainty evidence). We could not pool evidence on the effect of interventions on breaks in sedentary behaviour or time spent in specific domains such as TV time, as data from only one study were available for these outcomes. Secondary outcomes We are uncertain whether interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour have any impact on the physical or mental health outcomes of community‐dwelling older adults. We were able to pool change data for the following outcomes. • Physical function (MD 0.14 Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, 95% CI −0.38 to 0.66; higher score is favourable; 98 participants; 2 studies; I2 = 26%; low‐certainty evidence). • Waist circumference (MD 1.14 cm, 95% CI −1.64 to 3.93; 100 participants; 2 studies; I2 = 0%; low‐certainty evidence). • Fitness (MD ‐5.16 m in the 6‐minute walk test, 95% CI −36.49 to 26.17; higher score is favourable; 80 participants; 2 studies; I2 = 29%; low‐certainty evidence). • Blood pressure: systolic (MD −3.91 mmHg, 95% CI ‐10.95 to 3.13; 138 participants; 3 studies; I2 = 73%; very low‐certainty evidence) and diastolic (MD −0.06 mmHg, 95% CI −5.72 to 5.60; 138 participants; 3 studies; I2 = 97%; very low‐certainty evidence). • Glucose blood levels (MD 2.20 mg/dL, 95% CI −6.46 to 10.86; 100 participants; 2 studies; I2 = 0%; low‐certainty evidence). No data were available on cognitive function, cost‐effectiveness or adverse effects. Authors' conclusions It is not clear whether interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour are effective at reducing sedentary time in community‐dwelling older adults. We are uncertain if these interventions have any impact on the physical or mental health of community‐dwelling older adults. There were few studies, and the certainty of the evidence is very low to low, mainly due to inconsistency in findings and imprecision. Future studies should consider interventions aimed at modifying the environment, policy, and social and cultural norms. Future studies should also use device‐based measures of sedentary time, recruit larger samples, and gather information about quality of life, cost‐effectiveness, and adverse event data.
Sebastien Chastin; Paul A Gardiner; Juliet A Harvey; Calum F Leask; Javier Jerez-Roig; Dori Rosenberg; Maureen C Ashe; Jorunn L Helbostad; Dawn A Skelton. Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, 2021, CD012784 .
AMA StyleSebastien Chastin, Paul A Gardiner, Juliet A Harvey, Calum F Leask, Javier Jerez-Roig, Dori Rosenberg, Maureen C Ashe, Jorunn L Helbostad, Dawn A Skelton. Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2021; 2021 (6):CD012784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastien Chastin; Paul A Gardiner; Juliet A Harvey; Calum F Leask; Javier Jerez-Roig; Dori Rosenberg; Maureen C Ashe; Jorunn L Helbostad; Dawn A Skelton. 2021. "Interventions for reducing sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults." The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, no. 6: CD012784.
The time spent in different types of sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity during a day represents compositional data. Previous use of compositional analysis of daily activity data through orthonormal log-ratio coordinates in the form of pivot coordinates of four components (sleep, sedentary behaviour, light physical activity, moderate to vigorous physical activity) has facilitated critical comparison with and the resolution of contradicting reports of the influence of daily behaviour on health which had arisen from the use of standard statistical analysis. For example, there has been a long-standing debate about whether the effects of time spent sedentary are independent of the time spent in moderate to vigorous activity. However, daily activity may be usefully broken down into more categories, and other compositional analysis approaches may be relevant. Here we demonstrate the use of log-ratio balances to evaluate the association between daily activity broken into six components (sleep, short periods of sedentary behaviour, long periods of sedentary behaviour, standing, slow walking and fast walking) from a nationally representative sample of adults with health markers in obesity, lipidemia and glycemia. The balanced approach to compositional analysis of daily behaviour patterns offers a way to focus the statistical assessment and modelling on variables, representing meaningful contrasts of interest between behaviours. This is fully consistent with the view that actual effects on health are associated with exchanges between some classes of daily behaviours.
Duncan E. McGregor; Philippa M. Dall; Javier Palarea-Albaladejo; Sebastien F. M. Chastin. Compositional Data Analysis in Physical Activity and Health Research. Looking for the Right Balance. Advances in Compositional Data Analysis 2021, 363 -382.
AMA StyleDuncan E. McGregor, Philippa M. Dall, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Sebastien F. M. Chastin. Compositional Data Analysis in Physical Activity and Health Research. Looking for the Right Balance. Advances in Compositional Data Analysis. 2021; ():363-382.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuncan E. McGregor; Philippa M. Dall; Javier Palarea-Albaladejo; Sebastien F. M. Chastin. 2021. "Compositional Data Analysis in Physical Activity and Health Research. Looking for the Right Balance." Advances in Compositional Data Analysis , no. : 363-382.
Objective To examine the joint associations of daily time spent in different intensities of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep with all-cause mortality. Methods Federated pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts with device-measured time spent in different intensities of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep following a standardised compositional Cox regression analysis. Participants 130 239 people from general population samples of adults (average age 54 years) from the UK, USA and Sweden. Main outcome All-cause mortality (follow-up 4.3–14.5 years). Results Studies using wrist and hip accelerometer provided statistically different results (I2=92.2%, Q-test p<0.001). There was no association between duration of sleep and all-cause mortality, HR=0.96 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.12). The proportion of time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity was significantly associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR=0.63 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.71) wrist; HR=0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.98) hip). A significant association for the ratio of time spent in light physical activity and sedentary time was only found in hip accelerometer-based studies (HR=0.5, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.62). In studies based on hip accelerometer, the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and mortality was modified by the balance of time spent in light physical activity and sedentary time. Conclusion This federated analysis shows a joint dose–response association between the daily balance of time spent in physical activity of different intensities and sedentary behaviour with all-cause mortality, while sleep duration does not appear to be significant. The strongest association is with time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity, but it is modified by the balance of time spent in light physical activity relative to sedentary behaviour.
Sebastien Chastin; Duncan McGregor; Javier Palarea-Albaladejo; Keith M Diaz; Maria Hagströmer; Pedro Curi Hallal; Vincent T van Hees; Steven Hooker; Virginia J Howard; I-Min Lee; Philip von Rosen; Séverine Sabia; Eric J Shiroma; Manasa S Yerramalla; Philippa Dall. Joint association between accelerometry-measured daily combination of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts using compositional analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSebastien Chastin, Duncan McGregor, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Keith M Diaz, Maria Hagströmer, Pedro Curi Hallal, Vincent T van Hees, Steven Hooker, Virginia J Howard, I-Min Lee, Philip von Rosen, Séverine Sabia, Eric J Shiroma, Manasa S Yerramalla, Philippa Dall. Joint association between accelerometry-measured daily combination of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts using compositional analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastien Chastin; Duncan McGregor; Javier Palarea-Albaladejo; Keith M Diaz; Maria Hagströmer; Pedro Curi Hallal; Vincent T van Hees; Steven Hooker; Virginia J Howard; I-Min Lee; Philip von Rosen; Séverine Sabia; Eric J Shiroma; Manasa S Yerramalla; Philippa Dall. 2021. "Joint association between accelerometry-measured daily combination of time spent in physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep and all-cause mortality: a pooled analysis of six prospective cohorts using compositional analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine , no. : 1.
Background Regular physical activity is the prime modality for the prevention of numerous non-communicable diseases and has also been advocated for resilience against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. However, there is currently no systematic and quantitative evidence synthesis of the association between physical activity and the strength of the immune system. Objective To examine the association between habitual physical activity and (1) the risk of community-acquired infectious disease, (2) laboratory‐assessed immune parameters, and (3) immune response to vaccination. Methods We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus) up to April 2020 for randomised controlled trials and prospective observational studies were included if they compared groups of adults with different levels of physical activity and reported immune system cell count, the concentration of antibody, risk of clinically diagnosed infections, risk of hospitalisation and mortality due to infectious disease. Studies involving elite athletes were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was critically examined following the Cochrane guidelines using ROB2 and ROBINS_E. Data were pooled using an inverse variance random-effects model. Results Higher level of habitual physical activity is associated with a 31% risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.61–0.78, 6 studies, N = 557,487 individuals) of community-acquired infectious disease and 37% risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.59–0.70, 4 studies, N = 422,813 individuals) of infectious disease mortality. Physical activity interventions resulted in increased CD4 cell counts (32 cells/µL, 95% CI 7–56 cells/µL, 24 studies, N = 1112 individuals) and salivary immunoglobulin IgA concentration (standardised mean difference 0.756, 95% CI 0.146–1.365, 7 studies, N = 435 individuals) and decreased neutrophil counts (704 cells/µL, 95% CI 68–1340, 6 studies, N = 704 individuals) compared to controls. Antibody concentration after vaccination is higher with an adjunct physical activity programme (standardised mean difference 0.142, 95% CI 0.021–0.262, 6 studies, N = 497 individuals). Conclusion Regular, moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with reduced risk of community-acquired infectious diseases and infectious disease mortality, enhances the first line of defence of the immune system, and increases the potency of vaccination. Protocol registration The original protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020178825).
Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Ukachukwu Abaraogu; Jan G. Bourgois; Philippa M. Dall; Jennifer Darnborough; Elaine Duncan; Jasmien Dumortier; David Jiménez Pavón; Joanna McParland; Nicola J. Roberts; Mark Hamer. Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Immune System, Vaccination and Risk of Community-Acquired Infectious Disease in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine 2021, 51, 1673 -1686.
AMA StyleSebastien F. M. Chastin, Ukachukwu Abaraogu, Jan G. Bourgois, Philippa M. Dall, Jennifer Darnborough, Elaine Duncan, Jasmien Dumortier, David Jiménez Pavón, Joanna McParland, Nicola J. Roberts, Mark Hamer. Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Immune System, Vaccination and Risk of Community-Acquired Infectious Disease in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine. 2021; 51 (8):1673-1686.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastien F. M. Chastin; Ukachukwu Abaraogu; Jan G. Bourgois; Philippa M. Dall; Jennifer Darnborough; Elaine Duncan; Jasmien Dumortier; David Jiménez Pavón; Joanna McParland; Nicola J. Roberts; Mark Hamer. 2021. "Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Immune System, Vaccination and Risk of Community-Acquired Infectious Disease in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Sports Medicine 51, no. 8: 1673-1686.
The inter-relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep (collectively defined as physical behaviours) is of interest to researchers from different fields. Each of these physical behaviours has been investigated in epidemiological studies, yet their codependency and interactions need to be further explored and accounted for in data analysis. Modern accelerometers capture continuous movement through the day, which presents the challenge of how to best use the richness of these data. In recent years, analytical approaches first applied in other scientific fields have been applied to physical behaviour epidemiology (eg, isotemporal substitution models, compositional data analysis, multivariate pattern analysis, functional data analysis and machine learning). A comprehensive description, discussion, and consensus on the strengths and limitations of these analytical approaches will help researchers decide which approach to use in different situations. In this context, a scientific workshop and meeting were held in Granada to discuss: (1) analytical approaches currently used in the scientific literature on physical behaviour, highlighting strengths and limitations, providing practical recommendations on their use and including a decision tree for assisting researchers’ decision-making; and (2) current gaps and future research directions around the analysis and use of accelerometer data. Advances in analytical approaches to accelerometer-determined physical behaviours in epidemiological studies are expected to influence the interpretation of current and future evidence, and ultimately impact on future physical behaviour guidelines.
Jairo H Migueles; Eivind Aadland; Lars Bo Andersen; Jan Christian Brønd; Sebastien F Chastin; Bjørge H Hansen; Kenn Konstabel; Olav Martin Kvalheim; Duncan E McGregor; Alex V Rowlands; Séverine Sabia; Vincent T van Hees; Rosemary Walmsley; Francisco B Ortega. GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) in epidemiological studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJairo H Migueles, Eivind Aadland, Lars Bo Andersen, Jan Christian Brønd, Sebastien F Chastin, Bjørge H Hansen, Kenn Konstabel, Olav Martin Kvalheim, Duncan E McGregor, Alex V Rowlands, Séverine Sabia, Vincent T van Hees, Rosemary Walmsley, Francisco B Ortega. GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) in epidemiological studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJairo H Migueles; Eivind Aadland; Lars Bo Andersen; Jan Christian Brønd; Sebastien F Chastin; Bjørge H Hansen; Kenn Konstabel; Olav Martin Kvalheim; Duncan E McGregor; Alex V Rowlands; Séverine Sabia; Vincent T van Hees; Rosemary Walmsley; Francisco B Ortega. 2021. "GRANADA consensus on analytical approaches to assess associations with accelerometer-determined physical behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep) in epidemiological studies." British Journal of Sports Medicine , no. : 1.
Blue spaces have been found to have significant salutogenic effects. However, little is known about the mechanisms and pathways that link blue spaces and health. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarise the evidence and quantify the effect of blue spaces on four hypothesised mediating pathways: physical activity, restoration, social interaction and environmental factors. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted using six databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EBSCOHOST/CINAHL). Fifty studies were included in our systematic review. The overall quality of the included articles, evaluated with the Qualsyst tool, was judged to be very good, as no mediating pathway had an average article quality lower than 70%. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for physical activity, restoration and social interaction. Living closer to blue space was associated with statistically significantly higher physical activity levels (Cohen’s d = 0.122, 95% CI: 0.065, 0.179). Shorter distance to blue space was not associated with restoration (Cohen’s d = 0.123, 95% CI: −0.037, 0.284) or social interaction (Cohen’s d = −0.214, 95% CI: −0.55, 0.122). Larger amounts of blue space within a geographical area were significantly associated with higher physical activity levels (Cohen’s d = 0.144, 95% CI: 0.024, 0.264) and higher levels of restoration (Cohen’s d = 0.339, 95% CI: 0.072, 0.606). Being in more contact with blue space was significantly associated with higher levels of restoration (Cohen’s d = 0.191, 95% CI: 0.084, 0.298). There is also evidence that blue spaces improve environmental factors, but more studies are necessary for meta-analyses to be conducted. Evidence is conflicting on the mediating effects of social interaction and further research is required on this hypothesised pathway. Blue spaces may offer part of a solution to public health concerns faced by growing global urban populations.
Michail Georgiou; Gordon Morison; Niamh Smith; Zoë Tieges; Sebastien Chastin. Mechanisms of Impact of Blue Spaces on Human Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2486 .
AMA StyleMichail Georgiou, Gordon Morison, Niamh Smith, Zoë Tieges, Sebastien Chastin. Mechanisms of Impact of Blue Spaces on Human Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichail Georgiou; Gordon Morison; Niamh Smith; Zoë Tieges; Sebastien Chastin. 2021. "Mechanisms of Impact of Blue Spaces on Human Health: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2486.
Growing socioeconomic and structural disparities within and between nations have created unprecedented health inequities that have been felt most keenly among the world’s youth. While policy approaches can help to mitigate such inequities, they are often challenging to enact in under-resourced and marginalized communities. Community-engaged participatory action research provides an alternative or complementary means for addressing the physical and social environmental contexts that can impact health inequities. The purpose of this article is to describe the application of a particular form of technology-enabled participatory action research, called the Our Voice citizen science research model, with youth. An overview of 20 Our Voice studies occurring across five continents indicates that youth and young adults from varied backgrounds and with interests in diverse issues affecting their communities can participate successfully in multiple contributory research processes, including those representing the full scientific endeavor. These activities can, in turn, lead to changes in physical and social environments of relevance to health, wellbeing, and, at times, climate stabilization. The article ends with future directions for the advancement of this type of community-engaged citizen science among young people across the socioeconomic spectrum.
Abby King; Feyisayo Odunitan-Wayas; Moushumi Chaudhury; Maria Rubio; Michael Baiocchi; Tracy Kolbe-Alexander; Felipe Montes; Ann Banchoff; Olga Sarmiento; Katarina Bälter; Erica Hinckson; Sebastien Chastin; Estelle Lambert; Silvia González; Ana Guerra; Peter Gelius; Caroline Zha; Chethan Sarabu; Pooja Kakar; Praveena Fernes; Lisa Rosas; Sandra Winter; Elizabeth McClain; Paul Gardiner; on behalf of the Our Voice Global Citizen Science Research Network. Community-Based Approaches to Reducing Health Inequities and Fostering Environmental Justice through Global Youth-Engaged Citizen Science. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 892 .
AMA StyleAbby King, Feyisayo Odunitan-Wayas, Moushumi Chaudhury, Maria Rubio, Michael Baiocchi, Tracy Kolbe-Alexander, Felipe Montes, Ann Banchoff, Olga Sarmiento, Katarina Bälter, Erica Hinckson, Sebastien Chastin, Estelle Lambert, Silvia González, Ana Guerra, Peter Gelius, Caroline Zha, Chethan Sarabu, Pooja Kakar, Praveena Fernes, Lisa Rosas, Sandra Winter, Elizabeth McClain, Paul Gardiner, on behalf of the Our Voice Global Citizen Science Research Network. Community-Based Approaches to Reducing Health Inequities and Fostering Environmental Justice through Global Youth-Engaged Citizen Science. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):892.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbby King; Feyisayo Odunitan-Wayas; Moushumi Chaudhury; Maria Rubio; Michael Baiocchi; Tracy Kolbe-Alexander; Felipe Montes; Ann Banchoff; Olga Sarmiento; Katarina Bälter; Erica Hinckson; Sebastien Chastin; Estelle Lambert; Silvia González; Ana Guerra; Peter Gelius; Caroline Zha; Chethan Sarabu; Pooja Kakar; Praveena Fernes; Lisa Rosas; Sandra Winter; Elizabeth McClain; Paul Gardiner; on behalf of the Our Voice Global Citizen Science Research Network. 2021. "Community-Based Approaches to Reducing Health Inequities and Fostering Environmental Justice through Global Youth-Engaged Citizen Science." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 892.
Background: Crucial evidence gaps regarding: (1) the joint association of physical activity and sedentary time with health outcomes and (2) the benefits of light-intensity physical activity were identified during the development of recommendations for the World Health Organization Guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behavior (SB). The authors present alternative ways to evidence the relationship between health outcomes and time spent in physical activity and SB and examine how this could be translated into a combined recommendation in future guidelines. Methods: We used compositional data analysis to quantify the dose–response associations between the balance of time spent in physical activity and SB with all-cause mortality. The authors applied this approach using 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey accelerometer data. Results: Different combinations of time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, light-intensity physical activity, and SB are associated with similar all-cause mortality risk level. A balance of more than 2.5 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity per hour of daily sedentary time is associated with the same magnitude of risk reduction for all-cause mortality as obtained by being physically active according to the current recommendations. Conclusion: This method could be applied to provide evidence for more flexible recommendations in the future with options to act on different behaviors depending on individuals’ circumstances and capacity.
Sebastien F.M. Chastin; Duncan E. McGregor; Stuart J.H. Biddle; Greet Cardon; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Philippa M. Dall; Paddy C. Dempsey; Loretta DiPietro; Ulf Ekelund; Peter T. Katzmarzyk; Michael Leitzmann; Emmanuel Stamatakis; Hidde P. Van der Ploeg. Striking the Right Balance: Evidence to Inform Combined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Recommendations. Journal of Physical Activity and Health 2021, -1, 1 -7.
AMA StyleSebastien F.M. Chastin, Duncan E. McGregor, Stuart J.H. Biddle, Greet Cardon, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Philippa M. Dall, Paddy C. Dempsey, Loretta DiPietro, Ulf Ekelund, Peter T. Katzmarzyk, Michael Leitzmann, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Hidde P. Van der Ploeg. Striking the Right Balance: Evidence to Inform Combined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Recommendations. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2021; -1 (aop):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSebastien F.M. Chastin; Duncan E. McGregor; Stuart J.H. Biddle; Greet Cardon; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Philippa M. Dall; Paddy C. Dempsey; Loretta DiPietro; Ulf Ekelund; Peter T. Katzmarzyk; Michael Leitzmann; Emmanuel Stamatakis; Hidde P. Van der Ploeg. 2021. "Striking the Right Balance: Evidence to Inform Combined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Recommendations." Journal of Physical Activity and Health -1, no. aop: 1-7.
Background Physical inactivity is a global pandemic associated with a high burden of disease and premature mortality. There is also a trend in growing economic inequalities which impacts population health. There is no global analysis of the relationship between income inequality and population levels of physical inactivity. Methods Two thousand sixteen World Health Organisation’s country level data about compliance with the 2010 global physical activity guidelines were analysed against country level income interquantile ratio data obtained from the World Bank, OECD and World Income Inequality Database. The analysis was stratified by country income (Low, Middle and High) according to the World Bank classification and gender. Multiple regression was used to quantify the association between physical activity and income inequality. Models were adjusted for GDP and percentage of GDP spent on health care for each country and out of pocket health care spent. Results Significantly higher levels of inactivity and a wider gap between the percentage of women and men meeting global physical activity guidelines were found in countries with higher income inequality in high and middle income countries irrespective of a country wealth and spend on health care. For example, in higher income countries, for each point increase in the interquantile ratio data, levels of inactivity in women were 3.73% (CI 0.89 6.57) higher, levels of inactivity in men were 2.04% (CI 0.08 4.15) higher and the gap in inactivity levels between women and men was 1.50% larger (CI 0.16 2.83). Similar relationships were found in middle income countries with lower effect sizes. These relationships were, however, not demonstrated in the low-income countries. Conclusions Economic inequalities, particularly in high- and middle- income countries might contribute to physical inactivity and might be an important factor to consider and address in order to combat the global inactivity pandemic and to achieve the World Health Organisation target for inactivity reduction.
Chastin Sfm; J. Van Cauwenberg; L. Maenhout; G. Cardon; E. V. Lambert; D. Van Dyck. Inequality in physical activity, global trends by income inequality and gender in adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2020, 17, 1 -8.
AMA StyleChastin Sfm, J. Van Cauwenberg, L. Maenhout, G. Cardon, E. V. Lambert, D. Van Dyck. Inequality in physical activity, global trends by income inequality and gender in adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2020; 17 (1):1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChastin Sfm; J. Van Cauwenberg; L. Maenhout; G. Cardon; E. V. Lambert; D. Van Dyck. 2020. "Inequality in physical activity, global trends by income inequality and gender in adults." International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 17, no. 1: 1-8.
ObjectivesTo describe new WHO 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour.MethodsThe guidelines were developed in accordance with WHO protocols. An expert Guideline Development Group reviewed evidence to assess associations between physical activity and sedentary behaviour for an agreed set of health outcomes and population groups. The assessment used and systematically updated recent relevant systematic reviews; new primary reviews addressed additional health outcomes or subpopulations.ResultsThe new guidelines address children, adolescents, adults, older adults and include new specific recommendations for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. All adults should undertake 150–300 min of moderate-intensity, or 75–150 min of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or some equivalent combination of moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity, per week. Among children and adolescents, an average of 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity across the week provides health benefits. The guidelines recommend regular muscle-strengthening activity for all age groups. Additionally, reducing sedentary behaviours is recommended across all age groups and abilities, although evidence was insufficient to quantify a sedentary behaviour threshold.ConclusionThese 2020 WHO guidelines update previous WHO recommendations released in 2010. They reaffirm messages that some physical activity is better than none, that more physical activity is better for optimal health outcomes and provide a new recommendation on reducing sedentary behaviours. These guidelines highlight the importance of regularly undertaking both aerobic and muscle strengthening activities and for the first time, there are specific recommendations for specific populations including for pregnant and postpartum women and people living with chronic conditions or disability. These guidelines should be used to inform national health policies aligned with the WHO Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018–2030 and to strengthen surveillance systems that track progress towards national and global targets.
Fiona C Bull; Salih S Al-Ansari; Stuart Biddle; Katja Borodulin; Matthew P Buman; Greet Cardon; Catherine Carty; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Sebastien Chastin; Roger Chou; Paddy C Dempsey; Loretta DiPietro; Ulf Ekelund; Joseph Firth; Christine M Friedenreich; Leandro Garcia; Muthoni Gichu; Russell Jago; Peter T Katzmarzyk; Estelle Lambert; Michael Leitzmann; Karen Milton; Francisco B Ortega; Chathuranga Ranasinghe; Emmanuel Stamatakis; Anne Tiedemann; Richard P Troiano; Hidde P Van Der Ploeg; Vicky Wari; Juana F Willumsen. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine 2020, 54, 1451 -1462.
AMA StyleFiona C Bull, Salih S Al-Ansari, Stuart Biddle, Katja Borodulin, Matthew P Buman, Greet Cardon, Catherine Carty, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Sebastien Chastin, Roger Chou, Paddy C Dempsey, Loretta DiPietro, Ulf Ekelund, Joseph Firth, Christine M Friedenreich, Leandro Garcia, Muthoni Gichu, Russell Jago, Peter T Katzmarzyk, Estelle Lambert, Michael Leitzmann, Karen Milton, Francisco B Ortega, Chathuranga Ranasinghe, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Anne Tiedemann, Richard P Troiano, Hidde P Van Der Ploeg, Vicky Wari, Juana F Willumsen. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2020; 54 (24):1451-1462.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiona C Bull; Salih S Al-Ansari; Stuart Biddle; Katja Borodulin; Matthew P Buman; Greet Cardon; Catherine Carty; Jean-Philippe Chaput; Sebastien Chastin; Roger Chou; Paddy C Dempsey; Loretta DiPietro; Ulf Ekelund; Joseph Firth; Christine M Friedenreich; Leandro Garcia; Muthoni Gichu; Russell Jago; Peter T Katzmarzyk; Estelle Lambert; Michael Leitzmann; Karen Milton; Francisco B Ortega; Chathuranga Ranasinghe; Emmanuel Stamatakis; Anne Tiedemann; Richard P Troiano; Hidde P Van Der Ploeg; Vicky Wari; Juana F Willumsen. 2020. "World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour." British Journal of Sports Medicine 54, no. 24: 1451-1462.
Objective Intergenerational data on mother–offspring pairs were utilized in an instrumental variable analysis to examine the longitudinal association between BMI and sedentary behavior. Methods The sample included 3,864 mother–offspring pairs from the 1970 British Cohort Study. Height and weight were recorded in mothers (age 31 [5.4] years) and offspring (age 10 years) and repeated in offspring during adulthood. Offspring provided objective data on sedentary behavior (7‐day thigh‐worn activPAL) in adulthood at age 46 to 47 years. Results Maternal BMI, the instrumental variable, was associated with offspring BMI at age 10 (change per kg/m2, β = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.12), satisfying a key assumption of instrumental variable analyses. Offspring (change per kg/m2, β = 0.010; 95% CI: −0.02 to 0.03 h/d) and maternal BMI (β = 0.017; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.03 h/d) was related to offspring sedentary time, suggestive of a causal impact of BMI on sedentary behavior (two‐stage least squares analysis, β = 0.18 [SE 0.08], P = 0.015). For moderate‐vigorous physical activity, there were associations with offspring BMI (β = −0.010; 95% CI: −0.017 to −0.004) and maternal BMI (β = −0.007; 95% CI: −0.010 to −0.003), with evidence for causality (two‐stage least squares analysis, β = −0.060 [SE 0.02], P = 0.001). Conclusions There is strong evidence for a causal pathway linking childhood obesity to greater sedentary behavior.
Mark Hamer; Sebastien Chastin; Russell M. Viner; Emmanuel Stamatakis. Childhood Obesity and Device‐Measured Sedentary Behavior: An Instrumental Variable Analysis of 3,864 Mother–Offspring Pairs. Obesity 2020, 29, 220 -225.
AMA StyleMark Hamer, Sebastien Chastin, Russell M. Viner, Emmanuel Stamatakis. Childhood Obesity and Device‐Measured Sedentary Behavior: An Instrumental Variable Analysis of 3,864 Mother–Offspring Pairs. Obesity. 2020; 29 (1):220-225.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMark Hamer; Sebastien Chastin; Russell M. Viner; Emmanuel Stamatakis. 2020. "Childhood Obesity and Device‐Measured Sedentary Behavior: An Instrumental Variable Analysis of 3,864 Mother–Offspring Pairs." Obesity 29, no. 1: 220-225.
Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep guidelines for preschool children were already established and integrated into the 24 h movement behavior guidelines in 2017. The aim of the current study was to investigate correlates of meeting or not meeting the physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep guidelines in Belgian preschool children. In total, 595 preschool children (53.3% boys, 46.7% girls, mean age: 4.2 years) provided complete data for the three behaviors and potentially associated correlates. Physical activity was objectively measured with accelerometers. Screen time, sleep duration, and correlates were reported by parents with the use of a questionnaire. Backward logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with meeting all guidelines for weekdays and weekend days. In the final model, older preschoolers (OR = 1.89), having a normal weight compared to being underweight (OR = 0.30), having parents that do not watch a lot of television (OR = 0.99), and having a father that attained higher education (OR = 1.91) were associated with meeting all guidelines on weekdays. For weekend days, a significant association was found for attending a sports club (OR = 1.08). Overall, only a few factors were associated with meeting the guidelines. A more comprehensive measurement of preschool children’s potential correlates of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep is warranted.
Marieke De Craemer; Vera Verbestel; Greet Cardon; Odysseas Androutsos; Yannis Manios; Sebastien Chastin. Correlates of Meeting the Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep Guidelines for the Early Years among Belgian Preschool Children: The ToyBox-Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7006 .
AMA StyleMarieke De Craemer, Vera Verbestel, Greet Cardon, Odysseas Androutsos, Yannis Manios, Sebastien Chastin. Correlates of Meeting the Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep Guidelines for the Early Years among Belgian Preschool Children: The ToyBox-Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7006.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarieke De Craemer; Vera Verbestel; Greet Cardon; Odysseas Androutsos; Yannis Manios; Sebastien Chastin. 2020. "Correlates of Meeting the Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep Guidelines for the Early Years among Belgian Preschool Children: The ToyBox-Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7006.
Purpose: Sedentary behaviour is any waking behaviour in sitting, lying or reclining postures with low energy expenditure. High sedentary behaviour levels, common after stroke, are associated with poor health and higher levels of mobility disability. The aim of this study was to undertake a behavioural diagnosis of sedentary behaviour in the early phase after stroke to inform interventions that may reduce sedentary behaviour and associated disability. Methods and materials: Independently mobile stroke survivors were interviewed three months after stroke. The topic guide was informed by the central layer of the Behaviour Change Wheel to explore three components: capability, opportunity and motivation. This model recognises that behaviour is the consequence of an interacting system of these components. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using The Framework Method. Results: Thirty one people were interviewed (66.7 years; 16 male). The perception of diminished capability to reduce sedentary behaviour due to physical tiredness/fatigue, and pain/discomfort acting as both a motivator and inhibitor to movement, were discussed. Environmental barriers and the importance of social interaction were highlighted. Perceived motivation to reduce sedentary behaviour was influenced by enjoyment of sedentary behaviours, fear of falling and habitual nature of sedentary behaviours. Conclusions: This information will inform evidence-based sedentary behaviour interventions after stroke.
Claire F. Fitzsimons; Sarah L. Nicholson; Jacqui Morris; Gillian E. Mead; Sebastien Chastin; Ailsa Niven. Stroke survivors’ perceptions of their sedentary behaviours three months after stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation 2020, 1 -13.
AMA StyleClaire F. Fitzsimons, Sarah L. Nicholson, Jacqui Morris, Gillian E. Mead, Sebastien Chastin, Ailsa Niven. Stroke survivors’ perceptions of their sedentary behaviours three months after stroke. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2020; ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaire F. Fitzsimons; Sarah L. Nicholson; Jacqui Morris; Gillian E. Mead; Sebastien Chastin; Ailsa Niven. 2020. "Stroke survivors’ perceptions of their sedentary behaviours three months after stroke." Disability and Rehabilitation , no. : 1-13.
Urban waterways are underutilised assets, which can provide benefits ranging from climate-change mitigation and adaptation (e.g., reducing flood risks) to promoting health and well-being in urban settings. Indeed, urban waterways provide green and blue spaces, which have increasingly been associated with health benefits. The present observational study used a unique 17-year longitudinal natural experiment of canal regeneration from complete closure and dereliction in North Glasgow in Scotland, U.K. to explore the impact of green and blue canal assets on all-cause mortality as a widely used indicator of general health and health inequalities. Official data on deaths and socioeconomic deprivation for small areas (data zones) for the period 2001–2017 were analysed. Distances between data zone population-weighted centroids to the canal were calculated to create three 500 m distance buffers. Spatiotemporal associations between proximity to the canal and mortality were estimated using linear mixed models, unadjusted and adjusted for small-area measures of deprivation. The results showed an overall decrease in mortality over time (β = −0.032, 95% confidence interval (CI) [−0.046, −0.017]) with a closing of the gap in mortality between less and more affluent areas. The annual rate of decrease in mortality rates was largest in the 0–500 m buffer zone closest to the canal (−3.12%, 95% CI [−4.50, −1.73]), with smaller decreases found in buffer zones further removed from the canal (500–1000 m: −3.01%, 95% CI [−6.52, 0.62]), and 1000–1500 m: −1.23%, 95% CI [−5.01, 2.71]). A similar pattern of results was found following adjustment for deprivation. The findings support the notion that regeneration of disused blue and green assets and climate adaptions can have a positive impact on health and health inequalities. Future studies are now needed using larger samples of individual-level data, including environmental, socioeconomic, and health variables to ascertain which specific elements of regeneration are the most effective in promoting health and health equity.
Zoë Tieges; Duncan McGregor; Michail Georgiou; Niamh Smith; Josie Saunders; Richard Millar; Gordon Morison; Sebastien Chastin. The Impact of Regeneration and Climate Adaptations of Urban Green–Blue Assets on All-Cause Mortality: A 17-Year Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 4577 .
AMA StyleZoë Tieges, Duncan McGregor, Michail Georgiou, Niamh Smith, Josie Saunders, Richard Millar, Gordon Morison, Sebastien Chastin. The Impact of Regeneration and Climate Adaptations of Urban Green–Blue Assets on All-Cause Mortality: A 17-Year Longitudinal Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):4577.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZoë Tieges; Duncan McGregor; Michail Georgiou; Niamh Smith; Josie Saunders; Richard Millar; Gordon Morison; Sebastien Chastin. 2020. "The Impact of Regeneration and Climate Adaptations of Urban Green–Blue Assets on All-Cause Mortality: A 17-Year Longitudinal Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 4577.
Care-home residents are among the most sedentary and least active of the population. We aimed to assess the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and preliminary effects of an intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour (SB) co-created with care home residents, staff, family members, and policymakers within a pilot two-armed pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial (RCT). Four care homes from two European countries participated, and were randomly assigned to control (usual care, CG) or the Get Ready intervention (GR), delivered by a staff champion one-to-one with the care home resident and a family member. A total of thirty-one residents participated (51.6% female, 82.9 (13.6) years old). GR involves six face to face sessions over a 12-week period with goal-oriented prompts for movement throughout. The feasibility and acceptability of the intervention were assessed and adverse events (AEs) were collected. The preliminary effects of the GR on SB, quality of life, fear of falling, and physical function were assessed. Means and standard deviations are presented, with the mean change from baseline to post-intervention calculated along with 95% confidence intervals. The CG smoked more, sat more, and had more functional movement difficulties than the GR at baseline. The GR intervention was feasible and acceptable to residents and staff. No AEs occurred during the intervention. GR participants showed a decrease in daily hours spent sitting/lying (Cohen’s d = 0.36) and an increase in daily hours stepping, and improvements in health-related quality of life, fear of falling, and habitual gait speed compared to usual care, but these effects need confirmation in a definitive RCT. The co-created GR was shown to be feasible and acceptable, with no AEs.
Maria Giné-Garriga; Philippa M. Dall; Marlene Sandlund; Javier Jerez-Roig; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Dawn A. Skelton. A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial of a Novel Approach to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Care Home Residents: Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of the GET READY Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2866 .
AMA StyleMaria Giné-Garriga, Philippa M. Dall, Marlene Sandlund, Javier Jerez-Roig, Sebastien F. M. Chastin, Dawn A. Skelton. A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial of a Novel Approach to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Care Home Residents: Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of the GET READY Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (8):2866.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Giné-Garriga; Philippa M. Dall; Marlene Sandlund; Javier Jerez-Roig; Sebastien F. M. Chastin; Dawn A. Skelton. 2020. "A Pilot Randomised Clinical Trial of a Novel Approach to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Care Home Residents: Feasibility and Preliminary Effects of the GET READY Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8: 2866.
This study investigated physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) in relation to hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV) in pediatric overweight/obesity. Ninety-three children (10 ± 1 year) were classified as overweight, obesity type I, or type II–III. PA was assessed with non-dominant wrist accelerometers. GMV was acquired by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neither PA nor SED associated with GMV in the hippocampus in the whole sample (p > 0.05). However, we found some evidence of moderation by weight status (p < 0.150). Moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) positively associated with GMV in the right hippocampus in obesity type I (B = 5.62, p = 0.017), which remained when considering SED, light PA, and sleep using compositional data (γ = 375.3, p = 0.04). Compositional models also depicted a negative association of SED relative to the remaining behaviors with GMV in the right hippocampus in overweight (γ = −1838.4, p = 0.038). Reallocating 20 min/day of SED to MVPA was associated with 100 mm3 GMV in the right hippocampus in obesity type I. Multivariate pattern analysis showed a negative-to-positive association pattern between PA of increasing intensity and GMV in the right hippocampus in obesity type II–III. Our findings support that reducing SED and increasing MVPA are associated with greater GMV in the right hippocampus in pediatric overweight/obesity. Further studies should corroborate our findings.
Jairo H. Migueles; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Lucia V. Torres-Lopez; Eivind Aadland; Sébastien F. Chastin; Kirk I. Erickson; Andres Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 1080 .
AMA StyleJairo H. Migueles, Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez, Irene Esteban-Cornejo, Lucia V. Torres-Lopez, Eivind Aadland, Sébastien F. Chastin, Kirk I. Erickson, Andres Catena, Francisco B. Ortega. Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (4):1080.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJairo H. Migueles; Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez; Irene Esteban-Cornejo; Lucia V. Torres-Lopez; Eivind Aadland; Sébastien F. Chastin; Kirk I. Erickson; Andres Catena; Francisco B. Ortega. 2020. "Associations of Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Children with Overweight/Obesity." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 4: 1080.
Background: Fatigue may include both physical and mental dimensions. Evidence suggests that physical and mental activity may influence fatigue in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, how physical and mental activities relate to fatigue dimensions in knee OA is unclear. Purpose: This study estimated intra-day contributions of physical and mental fatigue to general fatigue and evaluated temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee OA. Methods: An intensive longitudinal study combined with ecological momentary assessment of mental activity intensity and fatigue dimensions was conducted on 23 participants with knee OA. Physical activity was monitored continuously with an accelerometer over 7 days. Results: Physical fatigue contributed 33% more to general fatigue earlier in the day than mental fatigue, and 11% more near the end of the day. Within-day, previous general fatigue significantly and negatively predicted: future step counts, light intensity physical activity time, and light intensity physical activity + standing time. We found a significant bidirectional association between mental activity and general fatigue, a positive association between mental activity and mental fatigue and a significant negative association between mental fatigue and mental activity. Conclusion: Within-day general fatigue may be a significant fatigue dimension that reduces physical activity. Conversely there was no evidence that physical activity might contribute to lower scores on any fatigue dimensions in this population. To manage general fatigue, physical and mental fatigue might have to be targeted more precisely at different time of the day.
Henrietta O. Fawole; Andrea Dell’Isola; Martijn P. Steultjens; Jody L. Riskowski; Sebastien F. M. Chastin. Temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory intensive longitudinal study. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 2020, 8, 32 -48.
AMA StyleHenrietta O. Fawole, Andrea Dell’Isola, Martijn P. Steultjens, Jody L. Riskowski, Sebastien F. M. Chastin. Temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory intensive longitudinal study. Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior. 2020; 8 (1):32-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHenrietta O. Fawole; Andrea Dell’Isola; Martijn P. Steultjens; Jody L. Riskowski; Sebastien F. M. Chastin. 2020. "Temporal associations between physical activity, mental activity and fatigue dimensions in knee osteoarthritis: an exploratory intensive longitudinal study." Fatigue: Biomedicine, Health & Behavior 8, no. 1: 32-48.
There is a limited understanding of components that should be included in digital interventions for 24-hour movement behaviors (physical activity [PA], sleep, and sedentary behavior [SB]). For intervention effectiveness, user engagement is important. This can be enhanced by a user-centered design to, for example, explore and integrate user preferences for intervention techniques and features. This study aimed to examine adult users' preferences for techniques and features in mobile apps for 24-hour movement behaviors. A total of 86 participants (mean age 37.4 years [SD 9.2]; 49/86, 57% female) completed a Web-based survey. Behavior change techniques (BCTs) were based on a validated taxonomy v2 by Abraham and Michie, and engagement features were based on a list extracted from the literature. Behavioral data were collected using Fitbit trackers. Correlations, (repeated measures) analysis of variance, and independent sample t tests were used to examine associations and differences between and within users by the type of health domain and users' behavioral intention and adoption. Preferences were generally the highest for information on the health consequences of movement behavior self-monitoring, behavioral feedback, insight into healthy lifestyles, and tips and instructions. Although the same ranking was found for techniques across behaviors, preferences were stronger for all but one BCT for PA in comparison to the other two health behaviors. Although techniques fit user preferences for addressing PA well, supplemental techniques may be able to address preferences for sleep and SB in a better manner. In addition to what is commonly included in apps, sleep apps should consider providing tips for sleep. SB apps may wish to include more self-regulation and goal-setting techniques. Few differences were found by users' intentions or adoption to change a particular behavior. Apps should provide more self-monitoring (P=.03), information on behavior health outcome (P=.048), and feedback (P=.04) and incorporate social support (P=.048) to help those who are further removed from healthy sleep. A virtual coach (P<.001) and video modeling (P=.004) may provide appreciated support to those who are physically less active. PA self-monitoring appealed more to those with an intention to change PA (P=.03). Social comparison and support features are not high on users' agenda and may not be needed from an engagement point of view. Engagement features may not be very relevant for user engagement but should be examined in future research with a less reflective method. The findings of this study provide guidance for the design of digital 24-hour movement behavior interventions. As 24-hour movement guidelines are increasingly being adopted in several countries, our study findings are timely to support the design of interventions to meet these guidelines.
Ann Desmet; Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij; Sebastien Chastin; Geert Crombez; Ralph Maddison; Greet Cardon; Eugenio Ortega; Dana Wolff-Hughes. Adults' Preferences for Behavior Change Techniques and Engagement Features in a Mobile App to Promote 24-Hour Movement Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth 2019, 7, e15707 .
AMA StyleAnn Desmet, Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij, Sebastien Chastin, Geert Crombez, Ralph Maddison, Greet Cardon, Eugenio Ortega, Dana Wolff-Hughes. Adults' Preferences for Behavior Change Techniques and Engagement Features in a Mobile App to Promote 24-Hour Movement Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2019; 7 (12):e15707.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn Desmet; Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij; Sebastien Chastin; Geert Crombez; Ralph Maddison; Greet Cardon; Eugenio Ortega; Dana Wolff-Hughes. 2019. "Adults' Preferences for Behavior Change Techniques and Engagement Features in a Mobile App to Promote 24-Hour Movement Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Survey Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 12: e15707.