The quality of packaged dried foods depends on storage conditions and is determined largely by the initial gas composition inside and the transference through the container. The aim of this work was to analyze the O₂ and CO₂ concentrations within the internal atmosphere of the packaging. In this study, dried apricots and raisins were packaged in glass jars and polypropylene trays thermosealed with different polymers, and stored at 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C. Some trays were flushed with nitrogen just before sealing. In addition, the work relates to other previous papers to investigate the effect of these gases and packages on the stored products, and compares the influence of permeable and impermeable containers on food quality parameters. When packages were flushed with nitrogen before sealing, the O₂ level in the headspace increased until the outside O₂ concentration was reached. The CO₂ concentration increased over time, regardless of the initial atmosphere. Nitrogen had a great influence on the concentration of O₂, but not on that of CO₂. Finally, this paper shows that the films and initial gas used in this study had no significant effect on the quality of the stored dried fruit.

Analogies are useful to deepen understanding of the object of study. Chemical reactions have an interesting behaviour, for a better comprehension they could be related with the real live situations. Thinking about the work organization problems is an important part of the learning. We try to find a connection between these two areas.

Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) remains a major therapeutic challenge despite the availability of numerous antiseizure medications (ASMs). Clinical observations suggest that, in some patients, the addition of low-dose clobazam to an established cenobamate regimen may be associated with improved seizure control. The biological basis of this observation, however, remains uncertain. This study aimed to develop a multiscale structural, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) and systems pharmacology framework to explore whether currently available pharmacological knowledge supports a plausible mechanistic explanation for this potential interaction. A systems pharmacology framework integrating qualitative structure–activity characterization, pharmacokinetic interaction analysis and pharmacodynamic network interpretation was developed. Molecular and pharmacological features relevant to GABAergic modulation, sodium-channel activity, SV2A interaction, blood–brain barrier penetration and metabolic behaviour were considered for cenobamate, clobazam, norclobazam, brivaracetam and lacosamide. The framework incorporated the established inhibition of CYP2C19 by cenobamate together with pharmacodynamic mechanisms that may influence neuronal excitation–inhibition balance. The objective was not to predict clinical efficacy quantitatively but to evaluate whether the available pharmacological evidence supports a biologically plausible mechanistic hypothesis. The integrated framework identified complementary pharmacological properties between cenobamate and clobazam that could plausibly contribute to antiseizure activity. The established pharmacokinetic interaction whereby cenobamate inhibits CYP2C19 provides a plausible explanation for increased norclobazam exposure, while complementary pharmacodynamic mechanisms may further influence inhibitory network activity. Brivaracetam and lacosamide, considered as stable background therapy, provide additional antiseizure mechanisms but are not considered the primary drivers of the proposed interaction. Overall, the framework supports the biological plausibility of a potential cenobamate–clobazam interaction without establishing causality. These findings provide a mechanistic framework consistent with clinical observations suggesting that low-dose clobazam may contribute to the antiseizure activity observed during cenobamate treatment in selected patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. The proposed framework should be regarded as hypothesis-generating and intended to support future experimental and clinical studies aimed at clarifying mechanism-based polytherapy.

Science and introductory chemistry in Primary Education are essential for developing systematic observation, questioning, and evidence-based reasoning in pupils aged 8 to 12. In Spain, current educational legislation explicitly integrates scientific competence and practical inquiry into the primary curriculum. This article examines the teaching of natural sciences and chemistry by analyzing the national legislative framework—specifically Organic Law 3/2020 (LOMLOE) and Royal Decree 157/2022—and establishing pedagogical foundations based on Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) sequences and cognitive conflict. Furthermore, the work presents a practical proposal comprising ten structured experimental activities —covering thermal absorption, chemical change, density, emulsions, magnetism, light refraction, and electric circuits— that were carried out in a primary school setting. These activities illustrate how simple, low-cost experiments can be embedded in real primary classrooms to promote STEM competence and scientific reasoning.