Aim: to investigate the safety of acellular pertussis vaccines for adolescents.Materials and methods. The clinical tolerability of revaccination against pertussis (cell-free component), diphtheria and tetanus was analyzed in 107 children aged 13,5–14 years. Group 1 consisted of children revaccinated with DTacP-IPV combined vaccine (Tetraxim), group 2 – vaccinated with Td and group 3 – children who received Tdap vaccine (Adacel).Results. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of local reactions between the group that received Tdap and the other two (DTacP-IPV and Td) were detected (p = 0.001and p = 0.04, respectively). Analysis of the structure of local reactions revealed a difference only in the occurrence of the hyperemia at the site of injection, with the most frequent registration in the groups of children vaccinated with DTacPIPV (29,4%) and Td (14,7%), whereas in patients vaccinated with Tdap – only in 5,9% (χ2 = 6,8 p = 0,03). Systemic reactions occurred with the same frequency in all studied groups and did not require medical correction, as well as local reactions. Thus, revaccination against pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus of adolescents using Tdap, containing the acellular pertussis component, does not exceed the frequency of systemic reactions and the number of local reactions is significantly lower in comparison with the vaccine with a reduced content of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (Td) that is used in practice for a long time.

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by variable bronchial obstruction, hyper-responsiveness, and inflammation. Evaluating the immunological changes following pneumococcal immunization in patients with different asthma endotypes is of great importance. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCV13 on the clinical parameters and the changes over time in the levels of the main cytokines in asthma patients. Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, prospective, cohort, controlled study of 31 patients aged 18 to 80 with a known diagnosis of asthma. The study subjects were given one injection of PCV13. Their clinical parameters and serum concentrations of certain Th1/Th2/Treg cytokines were assessed over a year following the vaccination. Results: Compared to the pre-vaccination period, there was an 81.5% reduction in the number of patients with asthma exacerbations (p < 0.001), a 76.5% increase in the number of patients free from hospitalization (p < 0.001), and an improvement in the level of asthma control. Positive changes were observed both in patients with T2-high and T2-low asthma; however, only those with T2-low asthma showed a significant improvement in the level of asthma control. Significant changes were reported for IFN-γ: its serum concentrations increased six weeks following the vaccination (p < 0.05), primarily in patients with T2-high asthma. Conclusions: In asthma patients, immunization with PCV13 was clinically effective, irrespective of the asthma endotype. Its clinical effects were accompanied by a reduction in the rates of exacerbations and hospitalizations and an increase in IFN-γ serum levels. This finding suggests that this cytokine plays an important role in restoring immune response in asthma patients.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection has raised concerns about altered immune responses, creating a need to evaluate influenza vaccine performance in the post-COVID period. This study aimed to compare the immunogenicity and safety of a quadrivalent inactivated subunit adjuvanted influenza vaccine in adults aged 18–85 years during the 2022–2023 season. Methods: A total of 144 adults were enrolled: group 1, aged 18–59 years (n = 124), and group 2, aged 60–85 years (n = 20). All received a quadrivalent inactivated subunit adjuvanted vaccine containing 5 μg of each influenza antigen and 500 μg of Azoximer bromide. IgG antibodies to vaccine strains were measured at baseline and days 30–32 using the hemagglutination inhibition assay. Participants were actively monitored for adverse events by telephone. Results: The Geometric Mean Fold Increase (GMFI) met the efficacy criteria in both age groups (≥2.5 for 18–59 years and ≥2.0 for 60–85 years), with no significant differences. The seroprotection rate reached accepted thresholds for most strains but was below criteria for B/Victoria in the 18–59 group (48%) and for B/Phuket in the 60–85 group (35%). Significant between-group differences were observed for B/Victoria (p = 0.01) and B/Phuket (p = 0.007). Seroconversion met criteria for all strains in younger adults, but for older adults, it was insufficient for B/Phuket (20%, below the ≥30% threshold; p = 0.05 vs. 18–59 years). Local reactions occurred in 24.2% and systemic in 11.3% of younger adults; in older adults, in 20% and 15%, respectively. All resolved spontaneously within 1–3 days. Conclusions: The quadrivalent adjuvanted influenza vaccine demonstrated acceptable immunogenicity and safety in adults aged 18–85 years despite potential post-COVID immune alterations.

Background: Children with IBD are at increased risk of suboptimal maintenance of vaccine-induced immunity, particularly when the MMR vaccination course is incomplete before diagnosis and initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. We conducted a prospective study to evaluate the durability of antibody responses to measles, mumps, and rubella in pediatric IBD patients and to determine how completeness of MMR vaccination influences long-term antibody persistence over 12 months. Methods: Sixty children with IBD were included. Demographic characteristics, clinical disease activity (PUCAI/PCDAI), inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR), and fecal calprotectin were extracted from electronic medical records. Vaccination completeness was ascertained from documented immunization history. Serum antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps were measured at baseline and after 12 months. Seroprotection was defined using standard laboratory thresholds. Antibody decay over time was assessed with paired non-parametric tests, and time to loss of seroprotection was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. In addition, Bayesian ANOVA modeling was applied to quantify evidence for differences in antibody concentrations and decay kinetics according to vaccination status. Results: Overall, 66.7% of patients had completed the full MMR vaccination course. At baseline, seroprotection rates were 48.3% for measles, 76.7% for rubella, and 70% for mumps. After 12 months, median antibody concentrations declined significantly for all three antigens. Corresponding seroprotection rates changed to 46.7% for measles (p = 0.414), 70% for rubella (p = 0.046), and 66.7% for mumps (p = 0.157). Incomplete MMR vaccination was identified as a major modifiable risk factor for accelerated antibody waning in children with IBD. Cox regression demonstrated that incompletely vaccinated patients had a 2.13-fold higher risk of losing measles seroprotection (95% CI 1.07–4.24; p = 0.032), a 5.27-fold higher risk for rubella (95% CI 1.86–14.95; p = 0.002), and a 4.82-fold higher risk for mumps (95% Cl 1.68–13.85; p = 0.004). Bayesian analyses provided decisive evidence that vaccination completeness strongly influences baseline antibody levels. Conclusions: Incomplete MMR vaccination is associated with markedly reduced durability of vaccine-induced immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella in children with IBD. These findings underscore the need for systematic prevaccination screening, timely completion of age-appropriate vaccination before initiation of immunosuppressive therapy when feasible, and individualized serological monitoring to identify patients at highest risk of vaccine-preventable infections.