Nanomaterials have gained significant attention as a remarkable class of materials due to their unique properties and the fact that they encompass a wide range of samples with at least one dimension ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The deliberate design of nanoparticles enables the achievement of extremely large surface areas. In the field of cost-effective electrochemical devices for energy storage and conversion applications, nanomaterials have emerged as a key area of research. Their exceptional physical and chemical properties have led to extensive investigations aimed at improving the performance and cost-effectiveness of electrochemical devices, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. The continuous development and enhancement of these high-performance materials are driven by the demand for enhanced productivity, connectivity, and sustainability at a reduced cost. This review focuses on the electrochemical performance of electrodes, energy storage, and electrochemical sensors (ES) based on nanotechnology. It discusses the application of nanotechnology in electrochemistry for water purification and the fate of substances in water, while also introducing green nanotechnology and cost-effective, high-fidelity product creation through electrochemical methods. The study emphasizes the synthesis of novel nanomaterials, such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and MXenes, with applications in electrochemical devices. Furthermore, it explores the integration of nanostructures with electrochemical systems in economically significant and future applications, along with the challenges faced by nanotechnology-based industries. The paper also explores the interplay between nanomaterials and biosensors, which play a vital role in electrochemical devices. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the significance of nanomaterials in the development of cost-effective electrochemical devices for energy storage and conversion. It highlights the need for further research in this rapidly evolving field and serves as a valuable resource for researchers and engineers interested in the latest advancements in nanomaterials for electrochemical devices.

Carbon capture and use may provide motivation for the global problem of mitigating global warming from substantial industrial emitters. Captured CO₂ may be transformed into a range of products such as methanol as renewable energy sources. Polymers, cement, and heterogeneous catalysts for varying chemical synthesis are examples of commercial goods. Because some of these components may be converted into power, CO₂ is a feedstock and excellent energy transporter. By employing collected CO₂ from the atmosphere as the primary hydrocarbon source, a carbon-neutral fuel may be created. The fuel is subsequently burned, and CO₂ is released into the atmosphere like a byproduct of the combustion process. There is no net carbon dioxide emitted or withdrawn from the environment during this process, hence the name carbon-neutral fuel. In a world with net-zero CO₂ emissions, the anthroposphere will have attained its carbon hold-up capacity in response to a particular global average temperature increase, such as 1.5 °C. As a result, each carbon atom removed from the subsurface (lithosphere) must be returned to it, or it will be expelled into the atmosphere. CO₂ removal technologies, such as biofuels with carbon sequestration and direct air capture, will be required to lower the high CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere if the Paris Agreement’s ambitious climate targets are to be realized. In a carbon-neutral scenario, CO₂ consumption with renewable energy is expected to contribute to the displacement of fossil fuels. This article includes a conceptual study and an evaluation of fuel technology that enables a carbon-neutral chemical industry in a net-zero-CO₂-emissions environment. These are based on the use of collected CO₂ as a feedstock in novel chemical processes, along with “green” hydrogen, or on the use of biomass. It will also shed light on innovative methods of green transformation and getting sustainable, environmentally friendly energy.

Honeybee products consist of many substances, which have long been known for their medicinal and health-promoting properties. This study set out to appraise the protective potential of Egyptian propolis (EP) and bee venom (BV) separately or combined against total body irradiation (TBI) induced oxidative injury in rats. Besides, we assessed the bioactive components in EP and BV using HPLC and UPLC/ ESI–MS analysis in the positive ion mode. The animals were subjected to a source of gamma ionizing radiation at a dose of 6 Gy. Propolis and BV were administered independently and in combination before 14 days of γ-irradiation. Liver and kidney functions were estimated besides, DNA damage index (8- OHdG) by ELISA. Antioxidants, including glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were detected. Gene expression technique investigated for BAX, BCL2, and in plasma also miR125b expression in serum of rats. Besides, the histopathological for the brain, liver, kidney, and heart were investigated. In addition, lipid peroxidation was investigated in plasma and in the previous organs. The present results provide opportunities to advance the use of bee products as promising medicinal sources.

Autogenous bone grafts is considered to be the best choice for reconstructive surgery. Adipose Derived Stromal Cells (ASCs) represents a promising tool for new clinical concepts in supporting cellular therapy. The goal of our study was to investigate bone regeneration following application of autologous ASCs with or without Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) at dehiscence-type defects in alveolar bone in dogs. Standardized buccal dehiscence defects (4× 3×3 mm) were surgically created in eighteen dogs, the defects were grafted with either ASCs -PRP, ASCs alone, or without grafting material. Three months later; a bone core was harvested from grafted and non grafted sites for histological, histochemical and histomorphometric assessment. There was no evidence of inflammation or adverse tissue reaction with either treatment. Defects grafted with ASCs-PRP showed a significantly higher result (p≤ 0.05), with a mean area % of spongy bone and compact bone of (64.96±5.37 and 837.62±24.95), compared to ASCs alone (47.65±1.43 and 661.92±12.65) and without grafting (33.55± 1.74 and 290.85±7.27) respectively. The area % of lamellated bone increased significantly reaching its highest level in group A followed by group B. Also a significant increase in area % of neutral mucopolysaccharides and calcified reactivity of Masson|s Trichrome stain in groups A and B compared to group C was obtained. Our results suggest that, the addition of PRP to ASCs enhances bone formation after 3 months and may be clinically effective in accelerating postsurgical healing in both periodontal and maxillofacial surgical applications.

The present study aimed to investigate the mode of action of nano-CaPs in vivo as a therapy for solid tumor in mice. To achieve this goal, Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) was transplanted into 85 Swiss male albino mice. After nine days, the mice were divided into 9 groups. Groups 1 and 2 were allocated as the EAC control. Groups 3 and 4 were injected once intratumorally (IT) by nano-calcium phosphate (nano-CaP). Groups 5 and 6 received once intraperitoneal injection (IP) of nano-CaP. Groups 7, 8, and 9 received nano-CaP (IP) weekly. Blood samples and thigh skeletal muscle were collected after three weeks from groups 1, 3, 5, and 7 and after four weeks from groups 2, 4, 6, and 8. On the other hand, group 9 received nano-CaP (IP) for four weeks and lasted for three months to follow up the recurrence of tumor and to ensure the safety of muscle by histopathological analysis. Tumor growth was monitored twice a week throughout the experiment. DNA fragmentation of tumor cells was evaluated. In thigh tissue, noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin (5HT), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were measured. In serum, 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed. Histopathological and biochemical results showed a significant therapeutic effect of nano-CaP on implanted solid tumor and this effect was more pronounced in the animals treated IP for four weeks. This improvement was evident from the repair of fragmented DNA, the significant decrease of caspase-3, 8-OHDG, myosin, and VEGF, and the significant increase of neurotransmitters (NA, DA, 5HT, and GABA). Additionally, histopathological examination showed complete recovery of cancer cells in the thigh muscle after three months.

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are primarily responsible for the development of male infertility after exposure to γ-irradiation. The present work aimed to assess the ameliorati...