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Firms in developing economies generally find ways to enhance their reputation and growth in the international market. In this context, an Audit Committee (AC) is composed of multiple skilled members that control and monitor auditing activities and present a transparent image of their firm, which automatically attracts investors and builds investor confidence. Therefore, this study used CEO power and ownership concentration as moderating factors to examine the connection between AC and firm performance. For this purpose, this study used the data of Pakistani manufacturing firms for the period 2008 to 2018 and applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the Fixed Effect (FE) model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To check the robustness of the results, this study used a Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) model. The findings of this study contended that AC and firm performance have a positive association with each other. Moreover, the findings revealed that CEO power positively influenced firm performance. Furthermore, lower ownership concentration is a valuable approach to maximize a firm’s performance. Importantly, the outcomes concluded that AC and firm performance have a positive connection with the moderating effects of CEO power. Moreover, AC and firm performance also have a positive association with the moderating effect of ownership concentration.
Sohail Javeed; Tze Ong; Rashid Latief; Haslinah Muhamad; Wei Soh. Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6329 .
AMA StyleSohail Javeed, Tze Ong, Rashid Latief, Haslinah Muhamad, Wei Soh. Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSohail Javeed; Tze Ong; Rashid Latief; Haslinah Muhamad; Wei Soh. 2021. "Conceptualizing the Moderating Role of CEO Power and Ownership Concentration in the Relationship between Audit Committee and Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6329.
At present, climate and other environmental problems are arising because of the development of the industrial sector at a large level. The industrial sector is supposed to be a major cause of climate change problems that lead to global warming. Therefore, corporate social responsibility (CSR) with the help of corporate governance is an imperative approach to control these social problems. Consequently, in the context of the organizational and management theory, agency theory, and the stakeholder theory, this study focuses on important factors of internal corporate governance such as chief executive officer (CEO) power, the board size, independence, ownership concentration, managerial ownership, and audit quality for improving the profitability of firms. Moreover, this study considers corporate social responsibility as a controlling and moderating factor for firm performance and internal corporate governance. We employed ordinary least square (OLS) for endogeneity testing, fixed effect (FE), generalized method of moments (GMM), and feasible generalized least square (FGLS) on data of Pakistani firms for the period of 2010–2019. The results of this study demonstrate the following outcomes: firstly, all internal corporate governance factors are positively linked with firm performance; secondly, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the most valuable tool for improving profitability. Importantly, this study suggests that all internal corporate governance factors are positively linked with firm performance because of the interactive role of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This study practically contributes to the literature by suggesting the imperative role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) for internal corporate governance, which may help to reduce climate and social problems.
Jihai Lu; Sohail Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze Ong. The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5830 .
AMA StyleJihai Lu, Sohail Javeed, Rashid Latief, Tao Jiang, Tze Ong. The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (11):5830.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJihai Lu; Sohail Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze Ong. 2021. "The Moderating Role of Corporate Social Responsibility in the Association of Internal Corporate Governance and Profitability; Evidence from Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 11: 5830.
Research has shown the negative impacts of climate change on the economy and how the state of the environment has been a complex global challenge. Prior studies have suggested immediate actions to avoid any unforeseen circumstances for all living things on Earth. Previous research has also supported all kinds of sustainability efforts as resolutions to address the deterioration of climate change caused by business activities. There is a need for companies to start acting and assigning employees to mitigate carbon emitted by corporations. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that examines how corporate carbon governance influences better carbon performance of organizations and authorizes organizations to implement and embed carbon accounting. This study used evidence from Malaysia to explore this subject matter and examined the association between carbon governance and carbon performance of corporations. The research also investigated the mediation effect of carbon accounting with respect to carbon governance and carbon performance. It is revealed that carbon governance had no significant influence on an organization’s carbon performance, although carbon accounting implementation positively influenced carbon performance. The findings imply that despite its insignificance, carbon accounting remains a vital matter to be deployed by organizations for better carbon emission mitigation.
Tze San Ong; Nur Fatin Binti Kasbun; Boon Heng Teh; Haslinah Muhammad; Sohail Ahmad Javeed. Carbon Accounting System: The Bridge between Carbon Governance and Carbon Performance in Malaysian Companies. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleTze San Ong, Nur Fatin Binti Kasbun, Boon Heng Teh, Haslinah Muhammad, Sohail Ahmad Javeed. Carbon Accounting System: The Bridge between Carbon Governance and Carbon Performance in Malaysian Companies. Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTze San Ong; Nur Fatin Binti Kasbun; Boon Heng Teh; Haslinah Muhammad; Sohail Ahmad Javeed. 2021. "Carbon Accounting System: The Bridge between Carbon Governance and Carbon Performance in Malaysian Companies." Ecosystem Health and Sustainability , no. : 1.
At present, many economies are suffering from environmental problems that have significant effects on the climate and life of human beings, thus, the governments and institutions work to reduce the industrial negative effects on the environment. Based on the Porter Hypothesis, agency theory, and management and organization theory, this study examines the connection between environmental regulations, corporate social responsibility and firm innovation with the moderating role of CEO power and ownership concentration. Importantly, this study divided CEOs into male and female CEO. This study classifies firm innovation into two kinds, such as firm input innovation and firm output innovation. This study selects the sample of Pakistani manufacturing firms and uses the panel data for the period 2008 to 2018. For the analysis purpose, this study employs ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effect (FE) model, generalized method of moments (GMM). For more robust results, this study employs the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model. Based on the findings from the empirical analysis, this study concludes that environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility have a positive relationship with firm innovation (Input and Output). Moreover, a powerful CEO and ownership concentration are valuable for firm innovation (Input and Output), because these factors are positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output). Majorly, this study contends that environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility are positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output) because of the interactive role of CEO power. This study supported the role of both male and female CEOs for firm innovative practices. Therefore, firms of developing economies should also consider the female CEO. Besides, environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility also positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output) because of the interactive role of ownership concentration. Moreover, this study offers various policy implications for governments and policymakers.
Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze San Ong; Yongjun Tang. How environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility affect the firm innovation with the moderating role of Chief executive officer (CEO) power and ownership concentration? Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 308, 127212 .
AMA StyleSohail Ahmad Javeed, Rashid Latief, Tao Jiang, Tze San Ong, Yongjun Tang. How environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility affect the firm innovation with the moderating role of Chief executive officer (CEO) power and ownership concentration? Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 308 ():127212.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief; Tao Jiang; Tze San Ong; Yongjun Tang. 2021. "How environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility affect the firm innovation with the moderating role of Chief executive officer (CEO) power and ownership concentration?" Journal of Cleaner Production 308, no. : 127212.
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries like other developing countries are the major destination for foreign investors. At the same time, these countries are facing different climate change challenges. This study aims to inspect the economic determinants of carbon emissions (CE) and dynamic causal interaction of CE with foreign direct investment (FDI), economic growth (EG), and other economic factors using panel cointegration test, dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and vector error correction model (VECM) for the SAARC countries. To make the homogenous analysis, we examined the association among variables for the individual country and as a group for the period 1990 to 2016. The panel results of this study confirmed the presence of the unidirectional causal association of EG with CE. The panel results of other economic factors confirmed the causality of urban population (UP) and energy consumption (EC) with CE. Moreover, the panel results of domestic capital (DS) and inflation rate (INF) confirmed the causal association with EG. Finally, the panel results of DS revealed a causality with FDI. Based on the above results, some policy guidelines are proposed.
Rashid Latief; Yusheng Kong; Sohail Javeed; Usman Sattar. Carbon Emissions in the SAARC Countries with Causal Effects of FDI, Economic Growth and Other Economic Factors: Evidence from Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4605 .
AMA StyleRashid Latief, Yusheng Kong, Sohail Javeed, Usman Sattar. Carbon Emissions in the SAARC Countries with Causal Effects of FDI, Economic Growth and Other Economic Factors: Evidence from Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Models. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashid Latief; Yusheng Kong; Sohail Javeed; Usman Sattar. 2021. "Carbon Emissions in the SAARC Countries with Causal Effects of FDI, Economic Growth and Other Economic Factors: Evidence from Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Models." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4605.
The availability of sufficient and trustworthy energy services at the reasonable cost in a securely and environmentally friendly manner, and conventionality with economic and social development requirements, is an important factor of sustainable development (SD). Energy plays a significant role in eliminating poverty and increasing living standards. However, most of the present energy forms of energy supply and consumption are unsustainable. This paper analyzes the association between economic growth (EG), energy consumption (EC), and sustainable development (SD) among other economic factors. The sample of 14 developed and developing member states of the Union for the Mediterranean (UFM) was selected. To deal with the endogeneity issue, the system- generalized method of moment (GMM) model was employed. Moreover, panel co-integration, Granger causality tests, and robustness tests were employed to examine the long-run and short-run causality among variables of interest. The results confirmed the short-run dynamic association from sustainable development (SD) to energy consumption (EC), and economic growth (EG) to sustainable development (SD). Moreover, the results validated the presence of long-run equilibrium association in the equations of EC and sustainable development (SD). The findings of this study will be supportive for the policymakers to formulate sustainable energy policies to stimulate the economic growth (EG) in the way of sustainable development (SD) in the UFM countries.
Rashid Latief; Yusheng Kong; Yuanyuan Peng; Sohail Ahmad Javeed. Conceptualizing Pathways of Sustainable Development in the Union for the Mediterranean Countries with an Empirical Intersection of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5614 .
AMA StyleRashid Latief, Yusheng Kong, Yuanyuan Peng, Sohail Ahmad Javeed. Conceptualizing Pathways of Sustainable Development in the Union for the Mediterranean Countries with an Empirical Intersection of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5614.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashid Latief; Yusheng Kong; Yuanyuan Peng; Sohail Ahmad Javeed. 2020. "Conceptualizing Pathways of Sustainable Development in the Union for the Mediterranean Countries with an Empirical Intersection of Energy Consumption and Economic Growth." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5614.
Audit quality (AQ) is a crucial instrument for ensuring transparency and accountability in both the public and private sectors. If the AQ is responsible for the maximization or minimization of profit, then what are the circumstances that make these possible? In this study, we examined the role of the product market competition (PMC) in the relation between the AQ and firm performance (FP). The PMC on the manufacturing firms of Pakistan was divided into two categories—low product market competition (LPMC) and high product market competition (HPMC). This division was calculated using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI). Then, we used ordinary least squares (OLS), the fixed-effect model, and the generalized method of moment (GMM) to examine the role of PMC on the association between the AQ and FP. The results of the study revealed that the financial performance of firms was enhanced with the quality of the audit. Highly competitive firms demonstrated higher chances to capture the maximum profit and have a positive relationship with FP, while less competitive firms were negatively associated with FP. Furthermore, the HPMC played a vital role in boosting the profit of the firms. On one hand, the connection between the AQ and FP was positively affected by the HPMC. On the other hand, the connection between the AQ and FP was negatively affected by the LPMC. Thus, the findings of this investigation have various implications for owners, investors, shareholders, and governments. This study can help the governments of developing economies to enhance economic conditions by focusing on the industrial sector. This study also contributes to the literature by supporting the agency theory that PMC can mitigate the agency issue between owners and agents.
Usman Sattar; Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief. How Audit Quality Affects the Firm Performance with the Moderating Role of the Product Market Competition: Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Manufacturing Firms. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4153 .
AMA StyleUsman Sattar, Sohail Ahmad Javeed, Rashid Latief. How Audit Quality Affects the Firm Performance with the Moderating Role of the Product Market Competition: Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Manufacturing Firms. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUsman Sattar; Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief. 2020. "How Audit Quality Affects the Firm Performance with the Moderating Role of the Product Market Competition: Empirical Evidence from Pakistani Manufacturing Firms." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4153.
Many countries are facing environmental issues that affect the natural climate and life of human beings, therefore, governments have developed the strategies and regulations to control the industrial negative effects on the environment which is called environmental regulations (ER). To extend the porter hypothesis, we examined the moderating effect of product market competition (PMC) to find the circumstances that affect the association between ER and FP. We have divided PMC into high and low product market competition (HPMC and LPMC) by following the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The empirical investigation of this study demonstrates the following outcomes: ER indicates a statistically significant and positive relationship with FP. Furthermore, HPMC has great importance for FP, while LPMC has shown a negative relationship with FP. Besides, we tested the moderating effects of HPMC and LPMC on the association between ER and FP. The moderating effects of HPMC have significant and positive effects on the association between ER and FP. On the other side, the moderating effects of LPMC have significant and negative effects on the association between ER and FP. Moreover, this study promotes the importance of ER and PMC for firms. This study is beneficial for owners, investors, policymakers, and governments to form comprehensive and viable ER for reducing environmental negative effects.
Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief; Lin Lefen. An analysis of relationship between environmental regulations and firm performance with moderating effects of product market competition: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 254, 120197 .
AMA StyleSohail Ahmad Javeed, Rashid Latief, Lin Lefen. An analysis of relationship between environmental regulations and firm performance with moderating effects of product market competition: Empirical evidence from Pakistan. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 254 ():120197.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSohail Ahmad Javeed; Rashid Latief; Lin Lefen. 2020. "An analysis of relationship between environmental regulations and firm performance with moderating effects of product market competition: Empirical evidence from Pakistan." Journal of Cleaner Production 254, no. : 120197.
Rashid Latief; Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Ahmed Shafique Joyo. The economic effects of foreign direct investment at firm level: evidence from enterprises survey data. Applied Economics Letters 2019, 27, 753 -758.
AMA StyleRashid Latief, Sohail Ahmad Javeed, Ahmed Shafique Joyo. The economic effects of foreign direct investment at firm level: evidence from enterprises survey data. Applied Economics Letters. 2019; 27 (9):753-758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRashid Latief; Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Ahmed Shafique Joyo. 2019. "The economic effects of foreign direct investment at firm level: evidence from enterprises survey data." Applied Economics Letters 27, no. 9: 753-758.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) are the activities of firms that are not only considered for economic profit but also include the social welfare returns. To find the key drivers that affect the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance, we investigated the moderating effects of CEO power and ownership structure. Ownership structure is classified into two parts: managerial ownership and ownership concentration. We selected a sample of firms from eight manufacturing sectors of the Pakistani economy for the analysis. We collected data from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), and companies’ annual reports over the period 2008 to 2017. We employed the Fixed Effects model and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to investigate the association between CSR and firm performance. The empirical analysis of this study highlights the following conclusions: First, CSR has a significant positive association with firm performance. Second, the relationship between CSR and firm performance shows the same results with the interaction of CEO power. Thirdly, interaction of the managerial ownership with CSR has a significant positive relationship with firm performance. Fourth, the interaction of the ownership concentration with CSR has a positive effect on firm performance.
Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Lin Lefen. An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance with Moderating Effects of CEO Power and Ownership Structure: A Case Study of the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan. Sustainability 2019, 11, 248 .
AMA StyleSohail Ahmad Javeed, Lin Lefen. An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance with Moderating Effects of CEO Power and Ownership Structure: A Case Study of the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (1):248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSohail Ahmad Javeed; Lin Lefen. 2019. "An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Performance with Moderating Effects of CEO Power and Ownership Structure: A Case Study of the Manufacturing Sector of Pakistan." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 248.